Fig. 2

Snapshots of the vertically integrated dust density distribution for evolutionary times of 0.1, 1 and 3 Myr. The planet is located at 60 au and the planet-to-star mass ratio is 10-3. The horizontal dashed lines represent the particle sizes corresponding to a size parameter of x = 2πa/λ ~ 1 considering λ = 0.87 mm, λ = 1.3 mm, and λ = 3.1 mm. If the dominant grain size at a certain disk location is less than ~λ/ 2π, there is significant polarization in scattered light.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.