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Figure 1: Critical velocity as a function of a grain size. Squares indicate the model without additional dissipation process, diamonds show the present model with the energy dissipation by plastic deformation of surface roughness and triangles show experimentally determined values by Poppe et al. (2000) with error bars. |
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Figure 2: The total energy is redistributed between the kinetic energy (dashed line) and the potential energy (dotted line). At the maximum and minimum separations the potential energy is maximum, while the kinetic energy is at its highest in the equilibrium position. The kinetic energy was shifted down for a better overview (see text). No damping case - a), and the energy leak form the system due to the damping force - b). |
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Figure 3:
The setup of the experiment. The dust cake in the center is compressed
with different pressure. Initial arrangement (a), results of compression at
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Figure 4: The ratio of the cross-section of the dust cake to the initial cross-section as a function of the applied compressive pressure. The data presented here is from a single experiment. Each point is plotted with a 40% uncertainty in determination of the crosssection (see text). |
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Figure 5: The volume-filling factor vs. normal pressure. The solid line indicates the results of the laboratory experiment by Blum & Schräpler (2004). The dashed area is the error to that data. Squares show the results of our single simulation. Error bars are due to difficulty determining of the volume of the final aggregate. |
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Figure 6: Sketch of a sound wave propagation in a linear aggregate (a) and in a porous aggregate (b). |
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Figure 7:
Sound velocity in m/s versus distance from the plane that hits the
aggregate. Squares indicate an applied force of
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