Observable | Model | Observed | Reference |
Total surface density
![]() ![]() | 56 | 50-62 | Holmberg & Flynn (2004) |
ISM surface density
![]() ![]() | 9.7 | 7-13 | Dickey (1993) |
13-14 | Olling & Merrifield (2001) | ||
Gas fraction
![]() | 0.17 | 0.05-0.2 | |
Surface density of visible stars ![]() ![]() | 38.6 | 30-40 | Gilmore et al. (1989) |
Surface density of stellar remnants [
![]() | 7.7 | 2-4 | Mera et al. (1998) |
Star formation rate B [
![]() | 3.1 | 3.5-5 | Rana 1991 |
SN II rate
![]() ![]() | 0.016 | 0.009-0.0326 | Tammann et al. (1994) |
SN Ia rate
![]() ![]() | 0.0024 | 0.0015-0.0109 | Tammann et al. (1994) |
Infall rate [
![]() | 1.45 | 0.5-5 | Braun & Thilker (2004) |