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Figure 1: Contour map of pressure in a cut across the star at the end of the deflagration phase of model DDT3DA (t=1.55 s). The labels of the isobars give the logarithm of pressure in erg cm-3. The axis labels are in units of 1000 km. The preservation of spherical symmetry is a consequence of the subsonic nature of the deflagration front. |
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Figure 2: Snapshots of the temperature map in a cut across model DDT3DA at times t=0.56, 0.86, 1.20, and 1.55 s, all of them belonging to the deflagration phase. The lengthscale is given in units of 1000 km s-1, while the temperature scale is given in the side colorbar in units of 109 K. |
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Figure 3: Angle-averaged profiles of density, temperature, nuclear energy generation, and incinerated mass fraction during the deflagration phase. The lines represent the profiles at the same times as Fig. 2: t=0.56 s (solid), 0.86 s(dotted), 1.20 s (short dashed), and 1.55 s (dot-long dashed). |
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Figure 4: Effective velocity of the deflagration front in units of the local sound speed as a function of time. |
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Figure 5: Evolution of the fractal dimension of the flame. Dots show the correlation dimension, while the solid line represents an alternative estimate of the fractal dimension derived from the effective rate of mass burning. |
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Figure 6:
Flame structure in a cut of the white dwarf at the end of the deflagration
phase. The image shows the location of hot fuel whose temperature lies in the
range 1-3 |
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Figure 7: Snapshots of the temperature map in a cut across model DDT3DA at times t=1.58, 1.61, 1.66, and 1.75 s. The deflagration-to-detonation transition was induced just at 1.55 s. The scales of length and temperature are the same as in Fig. 2. |
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Figure 8: Evolution of angle-averaged profiles of the 12C + 16O mass fraction during the detonation phase of model DDT3DA. The profile at DDT is shown together with those belonging to the same times shown in Fig. 7. |
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Figure 9: Map of the final chemical composition on a cut across the ejected matter: C-O is shown in black, intermediate-mass elements in grey, and Fe-Ni in white. The incinerated matter pervades the whole ejecta, with intermediate-mass elements dominating an annular region at intermediate radius. Unburned C-O are found in isolated pockets, mainly in the outer regions of the ejecta. The origin of the large C-O pockets seen in this figure can be traced back to features of the flame front identifiable in Figs. 2, 6, and 7. |
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Figure 10: Final distribution of elements in model DDT3DA as a function of velocity, after radioactive decay. |
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Figure 11: Snapshots of the temperature map in a cut across the star during the detonation phase of model DDT3DB, at times t=0.8, 0.9, 1.0, and 1.1 s. The scales of length and temperature are the same as in Fig. 2. |
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Figure 12: Final distribution of elements in model DDT3DB as a function of velocity, after radioactive decay. |
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