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All Figures

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig1.eps} %\end{figure}$ Figure 1: The normalized largest growth rates of waves propagating along beam and return-current directions, shown as functions of density and temperature ratio for the real mass ratio of electrons and ions ( $m_{\rm i}/m_{\rm e}=1836$ ). Larger growth rates correspond to electron-electron acoustic (EE) mode while smaller growth rates correspond to the ion-acoustic (IA) mode.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=8.6cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig2.eps} %\end{figure}$ Figure 2: Dispersion relations for $m_{\rm i}/m_{\rm e}=25$ . Wave frequencies (red dotted lines) and growth rates of unstable modes (blue dashed lines) in a warm return-current beam plasma are shown.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=8.8cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig3.eps} %\end{figure}$ Figure 3: Electric field history E_x(x,t). Double layers appear at $T\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1} = 1400$ . Two pronounced phase velocities are (1) the original electron-acoustic waves velocity $V_{\rm te}$ , and (2) the velocity of fast electron holes $V_{\rm de}=2V_{\rm te}$ .
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=18cm,bb=17 33 350 165,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig4.eps} %\end{figure}$ Figure 4: The spectra of simulation at different times are shown in each panel, 1) T: $0{-}700{\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ 2) T: $0{-}1400{\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ 3) T: $0{-}2800{\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ . The color-coded indices show the 2D FFT transform coefficient. In the nonlinear stage fast electron holes appear, and propagate at velocity of return-current drift $2V_{\rm te}=V_{\rm de}$
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12.5cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig5.eps} %\end{figure}$ Figure 5: Electron and ion phase spaces are given at time $T = 318 {\omega _{\rm pi}^{-1}} = 1590 {\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ . Electric field potential $e\phi /k_{\rm B} T_{\rm e}$ normalized by electron temperature is shown by the solid line.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12.5cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig6.eps} %\end{figure}$ Figure 6: Spatially averaged electron distribution function corresponding to beam and plasma. Averaged current contribution are shown by continious line.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig7.eps} % \end{figure}$ Figure 7: Combined spatially-averaged electron distribution function of beam and return current. For the right panel, the space-averaged downward-propagating ( $V_x\geq 0$ ) distribution function at ( $T=421 \omega _{\rm pi}^{-1}$ ) is shown as a blue dashed line, while the initial distribution is shown as a black solid line.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig1.eps} %\end{figure}$	Figure 1: The normalized largest growth rates of waves propagating along beam and return-current directions, shown as functions of density and temperature ratio for the real mass ratio of electrons and ions ( $m_{\rm i}/m_{\rm e}=1836$ ). Larger growth rates correspond to electron-electron acoustic (EE) mode while smaller growth rates correspond to the ion-acoustic (IA) mode.
Open with DEXTER

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=8.6cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig2.eps} %\end{figure}$	Figure 2: Dispersion relations for $m_{\rm i}/m_{\rm e}=25$ . Wave frequencies (red dotted lines) and growth rates of unstable modes (blue dashed lines) in a warm return-current beam plasma are shown.
Open with DEXTER

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=8.8cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig3.eps} %\end{figure}$	Figure 3: Electric field history E_x(x,t). Double layers appear at $T\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1} = 1400$ . Two pronounced phase velocities are (1) the original electron-acoustic waves velocity $V_{\rm te}$ , and (2) the velocity of fast electron holes $V_{\rm de}=2V_{\rm te}$ .
Open with DEXTER

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=18cm,bb=17 33 350 165,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig4.eps} %\end{figure}$	Figure 4: The spectra of simulation at different times are shown in each panel, 1) T: $0{-}700{\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ 2) T: $0{-}1400{\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ 3) T: $0{-}2800{\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ . The color-coded indices show the 2D FFT transform coefficient. In the nonlinear stage fast electron holes appear, and propagate at velocity of return-current drift $2V_{\rm te}=V_{\rm de}$
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$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12.5cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig5.eps} %\end{figure}$	Figure 5: Electron and ion phase spaces are given at time $T = 318 {\omega _{\rm pi}^{-1}} = 1590 {\omega _{\rm pe}^{-1}}$ . Electric field potential $e\phi /k_{\rm B} T_{\rm e}$ normalized by electron temperature is shown by the solid line.
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$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12.5cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig6.eps} %\end{figure}$	Figure 6: Spatially averaged electron distribution function corresponding to beam and plasma. Averaged current contribution are shown by continious line.
Open with DEXTER

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=12cm,clip]{colorful-figures/8419fig7.eps} % \end{figure}$	Figure 7: Combined spatially-averaged electron distribution function of beam and return current. For the right panel, the space-averaged downward-propagating ( $V_x\geq 0$ ) distribution function at ( $T=421 \omega _{\rm pi}^{-1}$ ) is shown as a blue dashed line, while the initial distribution is shown as a black solid line.
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