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Figure 1:
The surface brightness profiles combined
MOS1, MOS2, and pn cameras obtained using different backgrounds: a)
the background of A. Read, b) the background of Nevalainen, and
c) the background model from observation data. The solid line is the
best-fit ![]() |
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Figure 2:
The combined (MOS1, MOS2, pn) surface
brightness profiles in the external region obtained using: a) the
background of A. Read, b) the background of J. Nevalainen, c) the
background modelling from corresponding observation data. The solid
line is the best-fit ![]() |
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Figure 3:
CL0016+16 extracted
spectra in the region
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Figure 4: The obtained total temperature profile of CL0016+16. The solid points and line are the obtained temperatures and the fitting of the temperature profile function. The thin points and dotted line are the obtained temperatures and the temperature profile function of Kotov & Vikhlinin (2005). |
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Figure 5: a) The X-ray emission from EPIC (MOS1, MOS2, and pn cameras) in the energy band 0.3-4.5 keV. b) The temperature map obtained by wavelet algorithm described in Bourdin et al. (2004). |
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Figure 6: The temperature map with chosen regions and sectors. The white contours illustrate the chosen regions from which spectra were extracted. The regions were defined on the basis of temperature map. The green contours are the sectors chosen, for extracting the spectra for four temperature profiles. |
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Figure 7: The temperature profiles in different directions. The solid points are the total temperature profile. The dotted points are the obtained temperature profiles from sectors: a) the "hot'' temperature profiles (the SE and NW directions) b) the "cold'' temperature profiles (the SW and NE directions) correspondingly. The "cold'' temperature profile (SW) in panel b) displays a local peak because of the offset of the temperature peak visible in Fig. 6. |
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Figure 8: The surface brightness profiles in different directions. The solid line is the best fit of the total radial profile. |
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Figure 9: The integrated total mass profile of CL0016+16. a) The bold solid line showing the total mass profile was obtained using the total temperature profile. The dot-dashed line is the total mass profile obtained using constant temperature. b) The bold solid line is the total mass profile obtained using the total temperature profile. c) The solid line is the total mass profile obtained using the "cold'' temperature profiles. d) The dotted line is the total mass profile obtained using the "hot'' temperature profiles. |
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Figure 10:
a) The X-ray emission from the XMM-Newton data. b) The X-ray residual from the XMM-Newton data in the cluster centre, was obtained with the help of 2D ![]() |
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Figure 11: The scaled emission measure (ScEM) profiles. The dotted lines are the ScEM profiles of the nearby clusters. The bold solid line shows the ScEM profile of CL0016+16. The radius is normalised to R200. |
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Figure A.1: The surface brightness profile for a similar cluster to CL0016+16 obtained from the Hydro N-body cosmology simulations. |