A&A 472, L43-L46 (2007)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20078165
LETTER TO THE EDITOR
R. Blackwell-Whitehead1 - M. Bergemann2
1 - Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
2 -
Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ludwig-Maximilian
University, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
Received 26 June 2007 / Accepted 10 July 2007
Abstract
Context. The solar photospheric element abundances are generally in good agreement with the meteoritic CI chondrite abundances, with the exception of a small number of elements including manganese. The solar photospheric abundances, determined using model atmospheres, include laboratory oscillator strengths where available. However, the current laboratory database for Mn I oscillator strengths is derived from several different laboratory observations determined from several different laboratory techniques. The uncertainty in the solar photospheric manganese abundance and the difference between it and the meteoritic CI chondrite abundance may just be an artefact of inaccurate laboratory data.
Aims. The aim of our new laboratory measurements is to measure a self consistent set of accurate absolute oscillator strengths and use the new laboratory data to re-evaluate the solar manganese abundance.
Methods. New and more accurate oscillator strengths have been determined by combining branching fractions with previously measured energy level lifetimes. Using the new laboratory data, the solar photospheric abundance of manganese has been determined with theoretical and semi-empirical model atmospheres, MAFAGS-ODF and Holweger & Müller, respectively.
Results. We present experimental oscillator strengths for 94 Mn I transitions covering the wavelength range 2384 to 17 744 .
Using 22 relatively un-blended solar Mn I transitions, we determine the photospheric abundance of manganese to be
dex.
Conclusions. The new value is in good agreement with previous photospheric abundance determinations. The implications for the solar photospheric and meteoritic CI chondrite abundance is discussed.
Key words: atomic data - line: identification - methods: laboratory - Sun: abundances
The chemical abundance of the solar photosphere is generally
accepted to be in good agreement with the CI chondrite meteors to
within the uncertainty of the currently accepted elemental
abundance values. However, for several elements (e.g. Ga, Mn, In,
Sn, Tm, Yb, Hf, see Lodders 2003) there is a
significant difference between the solar photospheric and the
meteoritic CI chondrite abundance. In particular, there is a large
disagreement between the reference abundance of manganese in the
solar photosphere (
dex) and in the CI chondrites
(
), see Lodders (2003) and references
therein. This discrepancy is thought to be due to several factors
including: uncertainties in the damping and hyperfine structure
parameters, the assumption that line formation is in LTE, and
unknown blends. Recently, Bergemann & Gehren (2007,
hereafter Paper I) reanalysed the photospheric Mn abundance to
dex, taking account of these methodical
inaccuracies, but the reason for the discrepancy still remained
elusive. In this paper we re-evaluate the solar abundance of
manganese using the new and remeasured transition probabilities
for 22 Mn I lines, with uncertainties of
0.05 dex.
We perform NLTE statistical equilibrium calculations and spectrum
synthesis for the semi-empirical Holweger & Müller model
atmosphere (Holweger & Müller 1974) and for the
theoretical line-blanketed LTE model atmosphere MAFAGS-ODF (see a
review in Grupp 2004). As is the case with all other
line-blanketed atmospheric models of this type so far, we have not
attempted to model the solar chromosphere. Furthermore, the
influence of van der Waals damping on the line profiles is also
investigated.
The accuracy of the current laboratory database for Mn I
oscillator strengths varies considerably with wavelength and
source publication. The large photospheric - meteoritic
difference may be due to unaccounted uncertainties in the
photospheric calculations introduced by the different techniques
used to determine oscillator strengths in previous laboratory
measurements. Blackwell & Collins (1972) and Booth
et al. (1984a) both used absorption techniques to
determine oscillator strengths. In particular, Booth et al.
(1984a) quotes uncertainties as low as 3 per cent, but
Booth's uncertainties have been been independently moderated in
the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA)
atomic spectra database to be of the order of 10 to 20 per cent,
see Fuhr & Wiese (2003). Greenlee & Whaling
(1979) used emission spectroscopy to determine
oscillator strengths, and their measurements include many of the
transitions relevant to our current study of the solar
photosphere, but the uncertainty in their oscillator strengths is
of the order 25 per cent. Furthermore, there are several strong
(
)
relatively un-blended visible solar
Mn I lines that have no laboratory determined oscillator
strengths. A full discussion of the status of the published
literature on laboratory oscillator strengths for Mn I can
be found in Blackwell-Whitehead et al. (2005b).
The new and remeasured laboratory oscillator strengths have been determined by combining branching fractions with level lifetimes. The branching fractions are determined from high resolution, intensity calibrated spectra for manganese measured at Imperial College using Fourier transform spectroscopy. The spectra are intensity calibrated using two intensity standard lamps calibrated at the National Physical Laboratory, Teddington. Both lamps have a minimum two standard deviation uncertainty of 3 per cent. The Mn I wavenumbers in Table 1 have been calibrated using 20 Ar II transitions from Norlén (1973) and the wavenumber calibration uncertainty is 0.005 cm-1, which corresponds to an uncertainty of 0.0008 Å at 4000 Å. Further details of the experimental conditions, intensity and wavelength calibration for the manganese spectra are given in Blackwell-Whitehead et al. (2005b). The level lifetimes are taken from Schnabel et al. (1995) for all upper levels where available with the exception of the e6S2.5 level which is taken from the earlier work of Marek (1975).
The uncertainty in the branching fractions in column five of Table 1 are determined from the individual uncertainty for each transition and the uncertainty when transferring the intensity calibration between separate spectra. The uncertainty in the oscillator strengths presented in Table 1 is the sum in quadrature of the uncertainty in the branching fractions and the level lifetimes.
The majority of the strong transitions (
)
measured
by Greenlee & Whaling (1979) agree with our
laboratory oscillator strengths to within the combined uncertainty
of the two sets of values, see Fig. 1, but it should
be noted that our uncertainties are much lower than those of
Greenlee & Whaling (1979). In addition, over half of
the oscillator strengths published by Booth et al. (1984a)
agree with our values to within the combined uncertainties.
However, for several strong transitions there is a considerable
difference between our results and those of Booth et al.
(1984a). In particular, Booth et al. (1984a)
indicates that the 6013.489 and 6021.793 Å transitions from the
e6S2.5 level are twice as strong as our measurements.
Indeed, Kurucz & Bell (1995) use the
values of
Booth et al. (1984a) for the e6S2.5 transitions.
However, when we compare our new laboratory measurements for the
previously unmeasured e6S2.5 branches with the
calculations of Kurucz & Bell (1995) we observe a much
closer agreement. The disagreement between the red and near
infrared log gf values for Mn I has been discussed by
Blackwell-Whitehead et al. (2005b) and a general
deviation in the absolute scale of the Oxford oscillator strengths
in the infrared has been noted and discussed in Blackwell-Whitehead
et al. (2006).
Upper level | Lower level | Wavenumber |
![]() |
BF | This Work | Previous Work | Calc.a | ||
(cm-1) | (![]() |
Log (gf) | Unc. (dex) | Log (gf) | Ref.b | Log (gf) | |||
e 6S2.5 | z 8P3.5 | 22 872.341 | 4370.8646 | 0.0003 | -3.59 | 0.08 | -3.03 | ||
E = 41 403.93 cm-1 | z 6P1.5 | 16 624.678 | 6013.4885 | 0.2134 | -0.43 | 0.05 | -0.25 | 3 | -0.25 |
![]() |
z 6P2.5 | 16 615.976 | 6016.6380 | 0.3211 | -0.25 | 0.05 | -0.22 | ||
z 6P3.5 | 16 601.751 | 6021.7932 | 0.4280 | -0.12 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 3 | 0.03 | |
y 6P1.5 | 5714.003 | 17 496.0867 | 0.0089 | -0.88 | 0.05 | -0.93 | |||
y 6P2.5 | 5678.129 | 17 606.6275 | 0.0123 | -0.73 | 0.05 | -0.77 | |||
y 6P3.5 | 5634.016 | 17 744.4833 | 0.0156 | -0.62 | 0.05 | -0.67 | |||
Residual | 0.0005 |
a The semi-empirical calculations are taken from Kurucz & Bell (1995). b The previous laboratory values are taken from (1) Greenlee & Whaling (1979); (2) Blackwell & Collins (1972); and (3) Booth et al. (1984a). c Lifetime for the level e 6S2.5 is taken from Marek (1975). |
![]() |
Figure 1: A comparison of previous laboratory determined oscillator strengths with our new and remeasured values. |
The statistical equilibrium calculations were performed for the Holweger-Müller (HM) and MAFAGS-ODF (ODF) model atmospheres. The manganese model atom and method are essentially the same as in Paper I. The total number of levels for the three ionization stages was 459 and the total number of lines 2809. Wavelengths and oscillator strengths were all taken from the Kurucz database (Kurucz & Bell 1995). The only difference in the atomic model, when compared to our model in Paper I, is that the photoionization cross-sections are now computed from Kramers' formula with the effective quantum numbers for all levels. This correction was introduced due to the complexity of the atom, i.e., existence of numerous doubly excited configurations, which, opposite to those of single excitation, can not be simultaneously treated in a simple hydrogenic approximation. The hydrogen collision rates were computed according to Drawin's formula, see Steenbock & Holweger (1984). A full discussion of the interaction processes leading to NLTE equilibria in Mn I based on the MAFAGS-ODF model atmosphere can be found in Paper I.
The NLTE departure coefficients were used to generate profiles of
Mn I lines with the spectrum synthesis code SIU. For all
other elements LTE is assumed. The solar spectrum is calculated
using the HM and ODF model atmospheres, with a Mn abundance of
dex and a constant microturbulence velocity of
km s-1. The computed spectrum is compared with
the observed spectrum from the Kitt Peak Solar Flux Atlas (Kurucz
et al. 1984). The line broadening parameters were set
at a rotational velocity of
km s-1 and a
macroturbulence velocity of
km s-1. Van
der Waals damping constants
are computed according to
Anstee & O'Mara (1995); initially only a correction of
is applied in order to fit
the wings of strong lines. All parameters for the lines are given
in Table 2 with the exception of the hyperfine structure
data which is given in Paper I.
The NLTE results for both the HM and ODF model atmospheres are
presented in Table 2. We obtain the average
weighted NLTE
abundance of
dex for the ODF model atmosphere and
dex for the HM model atmosphere, where the
uncertainty is one standard deviation. The LTE abundances, derived
with the ODF and HM models are
dex and
dex, respectively. The systematic difference in NLTE
abundances,
,
reflects the different temperature structure of the models. The HM
model is approximately
K hotter than the ODF model
at
above -0.5. The line-to-line scatter
is of the same magnitude in both atmospheric models. The influence
of photoionization on the line profiles is not uniform: an
increase in cross-sections by a factor of 300 (as expected for Mn
atom) yields the corrections to different lines in the range from
-0.09 to +0.02 dex. A certain amount of the remaining
discrepancies can be explained by uncertainties in the van der
Waals damping constants. A correction of
relative to Anstee & O'Mara values was applied to
the lines of all multiplets. However, only strong lines were
indeed sensitive to this procedure. We note that to a certain
degree
and abundance can be exchanged in their
influence on line profiles, hence this correction remains just a
free parameter. However, this procedure yields a smaller rms
abundance scatter
dex, which we accept
as our new revised solar abundance of Mn. The NLTE value of
dex for the MAFAGS-ODF model is also
obtained from three lines of multiplet 27 (6013.465, 6016.586 and
6021.727 Å), which are the most commonly used lines for Mn
abundance analyses of the Sun and other stars. This result is
consistent with our previously suggested solar NLTE Mn abundance
of
dex (Paper I), determined from 12 lines with low
uncertainties in the laboratory determined
values.
However, the new oscillator strengths used in this paper lead to a
smaller fitted-abundance spread between lines of different
multiplets and provide a larger number of self consistent absolute
oscillator strengths which reduces the uncertainty from
unidentified blends.
No. | ![]() |
Mult. |
![]() |
![]() |
Lower | Upper | ![]() |
![]() |
Error |
![]() |
![]() |
|
[Å] | [eV] | level | level | [ mÅ] | ODF | HM | ||||||
1 | 4055.513 | 5 | 4 | 2.13 |
![]() |
![]() |
136. | -0.08 | 0.03 | -31.0 | 5.34 | 5.48 |
2 | 4070.264 | 5 | 3 | 2.19 |
![]() |
![]() |
70. | -1.03 | 0.02 | -31.0 | 5.50 | 5.66 |
3 | 4436.342 | 22 | 3 | 2.91 |
![]() |
![]() |
71.3 | -0.43 | 0.02 | -30.65 | 5.40 | 5.53 |
4 | 4451.581 | 22 | 3 | 2.88 |
![]() |
![]() |
93. | 0.13 | 0.02 | -30.75 | 5.27 | 5.40 |
5 | 4453.001 | 22 | 2 | 2.93 |
![]() |
![]() |
53.5 | -0.62 | 0.02 | -30.6 | 5.45 | 5.56 |
6 | 4498.901 | 22 | 2 | 2.93 |
![]() |
![]() |
57. | -0.46 | 0.02 | -30.7 | 5.44 | 5.56 |
7 | 4502.220 | 22 | 2 | 2.91 |
![]() |
![]() |
59. | -0.43 | 0.02 | -30.7 | 5.26 | 5.37 |
8 | 4671.667 | 21 | 5 | 2.88 |
![]() |
![]() |
12.8 | -1.66 | 0.02 | -30.73 | 5.33 | 5.47 |
9 | 4709.705 | 21 | 4 | 2.88 |
![]() |
![]() |
72. | -0.49 | 0.02 | -30.74 | 5.28 | 5.40 |
10 | 4739.088 | 21 | 4 | 2.93 |
![]() |
![]() |
62. | -0.60 | 0.02 | -30.71 | 5.35 | 5.46 |
11 | 4754.021 | 16 | 5 | 2.27 |
![]() |
![]() |
146. | -0.07 | 0.02 | -30.7 | 5.29 | 5.43 |
12 | 4761.508 | 21 | 4 | 2.94 |
![]() |
![]() |
73. | -0.27 | 0.02 | -30.75 | 5.39 | 5.49 |
13 | 4762.358 | 21 | 5 | 2.88 |
![]() |
![]() |
108. | 0.30 | 0.02 | -30.86 | 5.23 | 5.34 |
14 | 4765.851 | 21 | 3 | 2.93 |
![]() |
![]() |
81. | -0.08 | 0.02 | -30.86 | 5.30 | 5.40 |
15 | 4766.413 | 21 | 4 | 2.91 |
![]() |
![]() |
98.5 | 0.11 | 0.02 | -30.84 | 5.26 | 5.37 |
16 | 4783.389 | 16 | 5 | 2.29 |
![]() |
![]() |
148. | 0.06 | 0.02 | -30.7 | 5.27 | 5.37 |
17 | 4823.460 | 16 | 6 | 2.31 |
![]() |
![]() |
149. | 0.15 | 0.02 | -30.7 | 5.26 | 5.39 |
18 | 5117.913 | 32 | 3 | 3.12 |
![]() |
![]() |
24.2 | -1.20 | 0.02 | -30.61 | 5.49 | 5.58 |
19 | 5255.287 | 32 | 6 | 3.12 |
![]() |
![]() |
41.5 | -0.87 | 0.04 | -30.76 | 5.39 | 5.48 |
20 | 6013.465 | 27 | 6 | 3.06 |
![]() |
![]() |
87. | -0.43 | 0.05 | -30.64 | 5.37 | 5.46 |
21 | 6016.586 | 27 | 6 | 3.06 |
![]() |
![]() |
97.8 | -0.25 | 0.05 | -30.64 | 5.37 | 5.46 |
22 | 6021.727 | 27 | 6 | 3.06 |
![]() |
![]() |
96.8 | -0.12 | 0.05 | -30.64 | 5.35 | 5.45 |
At this stage of refinement the solar Mn abundance, in the absence of the proper atomic data, depends on the choice of the atmospheric model. What model should be given a preference, rests solely on the purposes of the reader. If one wants to obtain the abundance, absolutely consistent with the meteoritic, he may use the HM model and LTE. This result is not new and was repeatedly confirmed by other authors (see discussion in Rutten 2002). However, we refrain from this approach based on the following grounds:
Alternatively, one may think of possible mineralogical processes that may change the distribution of elements within the CI chondrite parent body, in particular aqueous alteration (Lodders 2003). Our measurements may indicate that the meteoritic CI chondrite abundance requires further investigation.
Finally, if we accept that the NLTE solar photospheric Mn abundance and the meteoritic CI chondrite abundance are correct to within their respective uncertainties, then one may ask: is there a reason why Mn is depleted in the photosphere? There exists a hypothesis that Mn experiences a significant first ionisation potential (FIP) effect, see Feldman & Widing (2002). However, without elaborate investigation this idea remains a speculation. We, of course, encourage future research into the possible influence of FIP effects on the photospheric - meteoritic abundance comparison.
Acknowledgements
M.B. acknowledges with gratitude the Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (Germany) and IMPRS-Marie Curie Training Site for her Ph.D. fellowship. R.B.W. gratefully acknowledges funding from the Leverhulme Trust and PPARC, UK. R.B.W. would also like to thank and acknowledge G. Nave, National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA, for IR Mn I spectra for the IR branches of the e6S2.5 level.
Upper level | Lower level | Wavenumber |
![]() |
BF | This Work | Previous Work | Calc.a | ||
(cm-1) | (Å) | Log (gf) | Unc. (dex) | Log (gf) | Ref.b | Log (gf) | |||
e 8S3.5 | z 8P2.5 | 21 028.888 | 4754.0338 | 0.2535 | -0.07 | 0.02 | -0.09 | 3 | -0.09 |
E = 39 431.31 cm-1 | z 8P3.5 | 20 899.706 | 4783.4190 | 0.3344 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 3 | 0.04 |
![]() |
z 8P4.5 | 20 726.008 | 4823.5080 | 0.4121 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 3 | 0.14 |
Residual | 0.0001 | ||||||||
e 6S2.5 | z 8P3.5 | 22 872.341 | 4370.8646 | 0.0003 | -3.59 | 0.08 | -3.03 | ||
E = 41 403.93 cm-1 | z 6P1.5 | 16 624.678 | 6013.4885 | 0.2134 | -0.43 | 0.05 | -0.25 | 3 | -0.25 |
![]() |
z 6P2.5 | 16 615.976 | 6016.6380 | 0.3211 | -0.25 | 0.05 | -0.22 | ||
z 6P3.5 | 16 601.751 | 6021.7932 | 0.4280 | -0.12 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 3 | 0.03 | |
y 6P1.5 | 5714.003 | 17 496.0867 | 0.0089 | -0.88 | 0.05 | -0.93 | |||
y 6P2.5 | 5678.129 | 17 606.6275 | 0.0123 | -0.73 | 0.05 | -0.77 | |||
y 6P3.5 | 5634.016 | 17 744.4833 | 0.0156 | -0.62 | 0.05 | -0.67 | |||
Residual | 0.0005 | ||||||||
z 6D 3.5e | a 6S2.5 | 41 932.657 | 2384.0491 | 0.0008 | -3.10 | 0.08 | -2.48 | ||
E = 41 932.64 cm-1 | a 6D4.5 | 24 880.356 | 4018.0994 | 0.2493 | -0.19 | 0.03 | -0.31 | 2 | -0.31 |
![]() |
a 6D3.5 | 24 650.639 | 4055.5445 | 0.4697 | -0.59 | 0.03 | -0.07 | 3 | -0.07 |
a 6D2.5 | 24 481.126 | 4083.6266 | 0.2781 | -0.35 | 0.03 | -0.25 | 3 | -0.25 | |
a 4D3.5 | 18 635.987 | 5364.4703 | 0.0021 | -2.79 | 0.04 | -2.90 | |||
Residual | 0.0003 | ||||||||
z 6D0.5 | a 6D1.5 | 24 630.111 | 4058.9247 | 0.7858 | -0.46 | 0.02 | -0.45 | 3 | -0.45 |
E = 42 198.56 cm-1 | a 6D0.5 | 24 561.434 | 4070.2741 | 0.2097 | -1.03 | 0.02 | -0.95 | 2 | -0.95 |
![]() |
a 4D0.5 | 18 479.895 | 5409.7823 | 0.0043 | -2.47 | 0.02 | -3.62 | ||
Residual | 0.0001 | ||||||||
z 6F3.5 | a 6D4.5 | 26 471.793 | 3776.5331 | 0.0039 | -2.41 | 0.12 | -2.51 | 1 | -2.49 |
E = 43 524.08 cm-1 | a 6D3.5 | 26 242.091 | 3809.5905 | 0.2491 | -0.60 | 0.02 | -0.64 | 1 | -0.60 |
![]() |
a 6D2.5 | 26 072.576 | 3834.3599 | 0.6847 | -0.15 | 0.02 | -0.14 | 1 | -0.12 |
a 4D3.5 | 20 227.434 | 4942.4014 | 0.0020 | -2.46 | 0.05 | -2.82 | 1 | -2.79 | |
a 4D2.5 | 19 974.872 | 5004.8938 | 0.0317 | -1.25 | 0.02 | -1.66 | 1 | -1.63 | |
a 4G4.5 | 18 238.492 | 5481.3864 | 0.0278 | -1.23 | 0.02 | -1.87 | 1 | -1.87 | |
a 4G3.5 | 18 236.428 | 5482.0069 | 0.0006 | -2.92 | 0.10 | -3.44 | |||
Residual | 0.0002 | ||||||||
z 4F4.5 | a 6D4.5 | 27 236.449 | 3670.5053 | 0.0077 | -2.00 | 0.09 | -1.95 | 1 | -1.92 |
E = 44 288.76 cm-1 | a 6D3.5 | 27 006.727 | 3701.7278 | 0.0108 | -1.85 | 0.05 | -1.78 | 1 | -1.75 |
![]() |
a 4D3.5 | 20 992.078 | 4762.3702 | 0.9245 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.28 | 1 | 0.42 |
a 4G5.5 | 19 023.064 | 5255.3139 | 0.0507 | -0.87 | 0.04 | -0.90 | 1 | -0.76 | |
a 4G4.5 | 19 003.376 | 5260.7587 | 0.0039 | -1.98 | 0.02 | -2.01 | 1 | -1.97 | |
b 4D3.5 | 13 934.586 | 7174.4107 | 0.0011 | -2.29 | 0.04 | -2.44 | 1 | -2.44 | |
a 4F4.5 | 9350.382 | 10 691.8212 | 0.0012 | -1.89 | 0.03 | -3.06 | |||
Residual | 0.0002 | ||||||||
z 4F3.5 | a 6D3.5 | 27 241.454 | 3669.8308 | 0.0062 | -2.20 | 0.04 | -2.01 | 1 | -1.99 |
E = 44 523.45 cm-1 | a 6D2.5 | 27 071.942 | 3692.8103 | 0.0061 | -2.20 | 0.03 | -2.14 | 1 | -2.12 |
![]() |
a 4D3.5 | 21 226.794 | 4709.7092 | 0.1911 | -0.49 | 0.02 | -0.49 | 1 | -0.34 |
a 4D2.5 | 20 974.239 | 4766.4207 | 0.7355 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 1 | 0.10 | |
a 4G4.5 | 19 238.094 | 5196.5730 | 0.0513 | -0.98 | 0.02 | -0.96 | 1 | -0.93 | |
a 4G3.5 | 19 235.792 | 5197.1950 | 0.0069 | -1.85 | 0.02 | -1.83 | 1 | -1.81 | |
b 4D3.5 | 14 169.281 | 7055.5755 | 0.0008 | -2.52 | 0.03 | -2.56 | 1 | -2.56 | |
b 4D2.5 | 14 103.873 | 7088.2968 | 0.0003 | -2.93 | 0.05 | -2.89 | |||
Residual | 0.0019 | ||||||||
z 4F2.5 | a 6D2.5 | 27 244.729 | 3669.3897 | 0.0038 | -2.53 | 0.05 | -2.41 | 1 | -2.41 |
E = 44 696.29 cm-1 | a 6D1.5 | 27 127.791 | 3685.2076 | 0.0028 | -2.67 | 0.05 | -2.62 | 1 | -2.59 |
![]() |
a 4D3.5 | 21 399.582 | 4671.6807 | 0.0173 | -1.66 | 0.02 | -1.70 | 1 | -1.67 |
a 4D2.5 | 21 147.022 | 4727.4757 | 0.2793 | -0.44 | 0.02 | -0.50 | 1 | -0.47 | |
a 4D1.5 | 20 976.711 | 4765.8589 | 0.6308 | -0.08 | 0.02 | -0.10 | 1 | -0.08 | |
a 4G2.5 | 19 415.276 | 5149.1490 | 0.0074 | -1.95 | 0.02 | -1.92 | 1 | -1.90 | |
a 4G3.5 | 19 408.577 | 5150.9262 | 0.0558 | -1.07 | 0.02 | -1.05 | 1 | -1.03 | |
b 4D2.5 | 14 276.656 | 7002.5103 | 0.0009 | -2.62 | 0.04 | -2.61 | |||
b 4D1.5 | 14 270.557 | 7005.5028 | 0.0004 | -2.98 | 0.06 | -3.06 | |||
a 4F2.5 | 9581.236 | 10 434.2077 | 0.0002 | -2.94 | 0.07 | -3.09 | |||
a 4F1.5 | 9531.636 | 10 488.5040 | 0.0002 | -2.95 | 0.07 | -4.13 | |||
Residual | 0.0014 | ||||||||
z 4F1.5 | a 4D2.5 | 21 265.444 | 4701.1493 | 0.0291 | -1.60 | 0.03 | -1.66 | 1 | -1.65 |
E = 44 814.73 cm-1 | a 4D1.5 | 21 095.139 | 4739.1031 | 0.2894 | -0.60 | 0.02 | -0.66 | 1 | -0.49 |
![]() |
a 4D0.5 | 20 995.814 | 4761.5226 | 0.6144 | -0.27 | 0.02 | -0.30 | 1 | -0.14 |
a 4G2.5 | 19 533.707 | 5117.9299 | 0.0614 | -1.20 | 0.02 | -1.16 | 1 | -1.14 | |
Residual | 0.0058 | ||||||||
z 4D3.5 | a 4D3.5 | 22 457.627 | 4451.5807 | 0.7382 | 0.13 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.28 |
E = 45 754.27 cm-1 | a 4D2.5 | 22 205.072 | 4502.2127 | 0.1955 | -0.43 | 0.02 | -0.50 | 1 | -0.34 |
![]() |
a 4P2.5 | 18 552.871 | 5388.5030 | 0.0088 | -1.62 | 0.02 | -1.70 | 1 | -1.69 |
b 4D3.5 | 15 400.103 | 6491.6693 | 0.0348 | -0.87 | 0.02 | -1.07 | 1 | -1.04 | |
b 4D2.5 | 15 334.704 | 6519.3550 | 0.0045 | -1.75 | 0.02 | -1.24 | 1 | -1.25 | |
b 4P2.5 | 11 928.849 | 8380.7351 | 0.0039 | -1.60 | 0.03 | -1.79 | 1 | -1.79 | |
a 4F4.5 | 10 815.702 | 9243.2802 | 0.0080 | -1.20 | 0.02 | -1.35 | 1 | -1.35 | |
a 4F3.5 | 10 712.988 | 9331.9035 | 0.0010 | -2.10 | 0.05 | -2.14 | |||
Residual | 0.0053 | ||||||||
z 4D2.5 | a 4D3.5 | 22 644.331 | 4414.8765 | 0.2803 | -0.41 | 0.02 | -0.40 | 1 | -0.29 |
E =45 940.93 cm-1 | a 4D2.5 | 22 391.775 | 4464.6725 | 0.4126 | -0.24 | 0.02 | -0.25 | 1 | -0.10 |
![]() |
a 4D1.5 | 22 221.464 | 4498.8915 | 0.2436 | -0.46 | 0.02 | -0.49 | 1 | -0.34 |
a 4P2.5 | 18 739.578 | 5334.8154 | 0.0008 | -2.78 | 0.03 | -2.88 | 1 | -2.86 | |
a 4P1.5 | 18 693.192 | 5348.0537 | 0.0087 | -1.75 | 0.02 | -1.81 | 1 | -1.78 | |
b 4D3.5 | 15 586.760 | 6413.9286 | 0.0073 | -1.67 | 0.02 | -1.94 | 1 | -1.91 | |
b 4D2.5 | 15 521.408 | 6440.9342 | 0.0238 | -1.16 | 0.02 | -1.42 | 1 | -1.42 | |
b 4D1.5 | 15 515.308 | 6443.4665 | 0.0083 | -1.61 | 0.02 | -1.79 | 1 | -1.76 | |
b 4P2.5 | 12 115.626 | 8251.5353 | 0.0011 | -2.28 | 0.15 | -2.39 | |||
b 4P1.5 | 11 477.680 | 8710.1701 | 0.0020 | -1.97 | 0.04 | -1.91 | |||
a 4F3.5 | 10 899.682 | 9172.0627 | 0.0067 | -1.40 | 0.02 | -1.50 | 1 | -1.50 | |
a 4F2.5 | 10 826.100 | 9234.4029 | 0.0014 | -2.07 | 0.04 | -2.03 | |||
Residual | 0.0032 | ||||||||
z 4D1.5 | a 4D2.5 | 22 534.739 | 4436.3474 | 0.4054 | -0.43 | 0.02 | -0.43 | 1 | -0.29 |
E = 46 083.89 cm-1 | a 4D1.5 | 22 364.429 | 4470.1318 | 0.2901 | -0.56 | 0.02 | -0.57 | 1 | -0.44 |
![]() |
a 4D0.5 | 22 265.104 | 4490.0734 | 0.2472 | -0.63 | 0.02 | -0.64 | 1 | -0.52 |
a 4P2.5 | 18 882.539 | 5294.4249 | 0.0009 | -2.94 | 0.04 | -3.01 | |||
a 4P0.5 | 18 802.114 | 5317.0717 | 0.0047 | -2.20 | 0.02 | -2.26 | 1 | -2.23 | |
b 4D0.5 | 15 672.302 | 6378.9202 | 0.0098 | -1.72 | 0.02 | -1.83 | 1 | -1.83 | |
b 4D2.5 | 15 664.371 | 6382.1497 | 0.0112 | -1.67 | 0.02 | -1.58 | 1 | -1.80 | |
b 4D1.5 | 15 658.272 | 6384.6356 | 0.0181 | -1.46 | 0.02 | -1.86 | 1 | -1.53 | |
b 4P1.5 | 11 620.623 | 8603.0275 | 0.0015 | -2.29 | 0.07 | -2.27 | |||
b 4P0.5 | 11 238.669 | 8895.4084 | 0.0011 | -2.39 | 0.05 | -2.32 | |||
a 4F2.5 | 10 969.070 | 9114.0416 | 0.0068 | -1.57 | 0.02 | -1.80 | 1 | -1.80 | |
a 4F1.5 | 10 918.990 | 9155.8436 | 0.0018 | -2.16 | 0.03 | -2.14 | |||
Residual | 0.0014 | ||||||||
z 4D0.5 | a 4D1.5 | 22 450.473 | 4452.9992 | 0.5126 | -0.62 | 0.02 | -0.62 | 1 | -0.49 |
E = 46 169.93 cm-1 | a 4D0.5 | 22 351.149 | 4472.7878 | 0.4302 | -0.69 | 0.02 | -0.72 | 1 | -0.58 |
![]() |
a 4P0.5 | 18 888.152 | 5292.8513 | 0.0017 | -2.94 | 0.06 | -2.94 | 1 | -2.90 |
b 4D0.5 | 15 758.347 | 6344.0891 | 0.0217 | -1.69 | 0.02 | -1.86 | 1 | -1.80 | |
b 4D1.5 | 15 744.317 | 6349.7425 | 0.0182 | -1.76 | 0.02 | -1.85 | 1 | -1.84 | |
b 4P0.5 | 11 324.749 | 8827.7937 | 0.0031 | -2.24 | 0.08 | -2.36 | |||
a 4F1.5 | 11 004.978 | 9084.3037 | 0.0086 | -1.78 | 0.02 | -2.02 | 1 | -2.02 | |
Residual | 0.0039 |
|