Table 2: Main sources of neutrals and ions in Saturn's inner magnetosphere. The choices for rings and satellites are explained in the text.
Source r ($R_{\rm S}$) a Main ion T (K) ${v_{\rm C}}$
    speciesb   ( ${\rm km~ s^{-1}}$)
Saturn's 1.2 ${\rm H^{+},~ H_{2}^{+}}$ 400- 0
ionosphere (north   800d  
  pole)      
C-Ring 1.705 ${\rm H^{+},~ N^{+},~ O^{+}}$and 93e 13.64
  (above) water productsc    
Enceladus 4.074 same as C-Ring 85f 38.98
  (south      
  pole)      
Dione 6.576 same as C-Ring 87.15g 32.08
E-Ring 7.665 ${\rm H^{+},~ O^{+}}$and 89.09h 75.03
  (above) water products    
Rhea 9.552 same as E-Ring 76.15i 31.26
a The distances are calculated through: $r=\sqrt{x^{2}+y^{2}+z^{2}}$. Where x is the orbital distance measured from Saturn's center of mass, z is the distance perpendicular to the orbital plane and y completes the ortogonal coordinate system.
b The masses are given in amu ( $1~{\rm amu}=1.66$ $\times $ $10^{-27}~{\rm kg}$): ${\rm H}=1.01$; H2=2.02; H $_{2}{\rm O}=18.02$; $\rm N=14.01$; $\rm O=15.99$; ${\rm OH=17.01}$.
c Water products include $\rm H_{2}O^{+}$ and  $\rm OH^{+}$.
d Atreya et al. (1986).
e The brightness temperature has been determined by Murphy (1973). Recently Cassini has observed a temperature asymmetry between the unlit and lit sides of the rings (Spilker et al. 2006).
f Spencer et al. (2006); Loeffler et al. (2006); Pontius & Hill (2006).
g Soderblom & Johnson (1982).
h It corresponds to the effective temperature considering that the E-Ring is mainly composed by icy-particles with an albedo of 0.05.
i It is the sunlit temperature on Rhea's surface (Murdin 2001).

Source LaTeX | All tables | In the text