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Figure 1:
Histogram showing the distribution of galaxies covering
the morphological types (T) and absolute magnitude (
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Figure 2:
Sky obtained by ellipse fitting:
upper panel:
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Figure 3:
SDSS quality check: azimuthally averaged, radial surface
brightness profiles obtained from SDSS images (
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Figure 4: Classification schema (following Erwin et al. 2006): The three main disk types according to break features in their surface brightness profiles are Type I (no break), Type II ( downbending break), and Type III ( upbending break). In case the galaxy is barred (SB/SX) the downbending breaks (Type II) are subdivided according to the position of the break in respect to the bar: Type II.i (inside) or Type II.o (outside). An additional level of subclassification is applied for this class trying to relate the observed break to a physical origin. These are Type II.o-AB, Type II.o-OLR, and Type II.o-CT (see text). For apparently unbarred galaxies (SA/S?) we use only Type II-CT or Type II-AB. The upbending breaks (Type III) are subdivided according to the possible nature of the outer region: (d)isk- or (s)pheroid-like. Some galaxies are better described with two breaks, each of which could be associated to one of the individual types. They are assigned a mixed classification (e.g. Type II-CT + III). |
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Figure 5:
Prototypical examples for each class of profiles:
Type I, Type II-CT, Type II.o-OLR, and Type III (top to bottom).
Left panels:
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Figure 5:
continued.
The ellipse for the first Type II.i galaxy corresponds to
the inner boundary at ![]() |
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Figure 6:
Example of how to establish the break radius, the
break region and the associated scalelengths: upper panel:
azimuthally averaged, surface brightness profile, overlayed by the
best fitting exponentials (with scalelengths
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Figure 7:
Break radius (
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Figure 8:
Classical truncations (Type II-CT): break radius in units of
inner scalelength versus
absolute magnitude (
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Figure 9:
Classical truncations (Type II-CT): extrapolated central surface
brightness ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Figure 10:
Histogram of the surface brightness (in the
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Figure 11: Frequency of profile types Type I (open circles), Type II-CT (filled squares), Type III (open triangles), and Type II.o-OLR (open squares) in relation to the Hubble type. The galaxies are merged in three morphological bins (T between 2.5-4.4, 4.5-6.4, and 6.5-8.4). The associated points are connected with lines and slightly shifted in T to be able to separate them. |
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IC 1067: Type II.o-OLR (possible Type I) J145305.2+031954 .SBS3. 3.0 -18.97 2.0 1665 Galaxy close to the border of the SDSS field but almost complete with a nearby, physical companion (IC 1066, v=1577 km s-1 ) only ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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IC 1125: Type I J153305.6-013742 .S..8* 7.7 -20.05 1.7 2868 According to the coordinates in NED the companion (KPG 467A) in Karachentsev's Isolated Pairs of Galaxies Catalogue Karachentsev (1972) corresponds only to a faint starlike object about ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 1068 ![]() J024240.8-000048 RSAT3. 3.0 -21.69 7.6 1068 Only partly fitted since ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 2776: Type I J091214.3+445717 .SXT5. 5.1 -21.04 2.9 2796 The galaxy is classified as SAB but a bar is not obvious on the image. The background estimate is uncertain due to a nearby (off-field), extremely bright star. For the final profile we used a round ellipticity instead of the usual value at ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3246: Type II-AB J102641.8+035143 .SX.8. 8.0 -18.91 2.2 2138 Galaxy is selected from the NGC catalogue Tully (1988) by (Pisano & Wilcots 1999) as being isolated. Their ![]() |
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NGC 3259: Type III-d J103234.8+650228 .SXT4* 4.0 -19.84 2.1 1929 The background is rather disturbed by a bright star, but the galaxy is small enough not to be significantly influenced. Galaxy is isolated according to Prada et al. (2003), but has one SDSS-detected dwarf companion ( ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3310: Type III J103845.8+533012 .SXR4P 4.0 -20.25 2.8 1208 The galaxy is clearly disturbed with a shell-like structure in the outer disk, which is probably the result of a recent merger with a smaller galaxy (cf. Conselice et al. 2000). The inner region is also slightly asymmetric, but still used for centering. The inner region, corresponding to a high surface brightness, tightly wound spiral, inside the break at ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3423: Type II-CT J105114.3+055024 .SAS6. 6.0 -19.54 3.9 1032 Bulge-like inner region ( ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3488: Type II.o-CT J110123.6+574039 .SBS5* 5.1 -18.80 1.6 3226 Galaxy is isolated according to Prada et al. (2003). A bright star covering part of the outer disk needs an extended mask. A small bar of roughly ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3631: Type I J112102.4+531008 .SAS5. 5.1 -20.62 4.9 1388 The galaxy forms a nearby group together with NGC 3178, NGC 3898, NGC 3953 and NGC 3992 (also part of our sample) in the Ursa Major cluster and shows plenty of substructure. It has two prominent spiral arms with different pitch angles, one of them turns nearly straight, classified by Arp (1966) as a spiral galaxy with one heavy arm. In addition, it has a faint extended spiral arm (or maybe stream-like structure) in the far outer disk towards North, therefore the outer disk is slightly asymmetric and the mean ellipticity and PA are difficult to fix. There is an extended light patch on the image visible towards south-west. Although there is no bright star nearby which could create such an artefact it is unlikely a dwarf companion, since it is not visible on the DSS. The final radial light profile is quite unusual and cumbersome to classify, since it exhibits an extended bump between ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3982: Type III J115628.3+550729 .SXR3* 3.2 -19.54 2.3 1351 Close to Ursa Major Cluster but membership questionable (Tully et al. 1996). Galaxy exhibits a detached, narrow, starforming spiral arm embedded into the very outer, symmetric disk towards south-west. The final profile beyond the central part is smooth and straight down to ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 3992 ![]() J115735.9+532235 .SBT4. 3.8 -20.98 6.9 1286 Large galaxy with a small part off the SDSS field. Member of Ursa Major Cluster (Tully et al. 1996). Embedded in the large bar of size roughly ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 4030: Type III J120023.4-010603 .SAS4. 4.1 -20.27 3.9 1476 Two superimposed bright stars are masked. According to Zaritsky et al. (1993) it is an isolated galaxy with a satellite system (largest UGC 06970, SB(s)m, with ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 4041: Type III-d J120212.2+620814 .SAT4* 4.3 -19.92 2.7 1486 According to Sandage & Bedke (1994) this galaxy forms a kinematic triplet with NGC 4036 and UGC 7009 and is probably member of the Ursa Major Cluster. However, Tully et al. (1996) does not list any of these as members. Galaxy shows a detached, extended, star-forming spiral arm structure in the outer, asymmetric disk, similar to NGC 2967, but smaller and only one-sided, which makes the photometric inclination (ellipticity) and PA uncertain. In the final profile the disk inside the Type III break at ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 4102: Type II.o-OLR + III J120623.1+524239 .SXS3$ 3.0 -19.38 3.1 1082 Galaxy belongs to the Ursa Major Cluster Tully et al. (1996). On the image an elongated inner bar region inside a starforming ring is visible which is responsible for the dip and bump structure between ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 4108: Type II-AB J120644.0+670944 PSA.5* 5.0 -20.13 1.7 2828 Galaxy in a triple system with NGC 4108A (v=2256 km s-1 ) and NGC 4108B (v=2673 km s-1 ), the latter is also part of the present sample. According to Nordgren et al. (1997) NGC 4108 and NGC 4108B appear to be possibly joined by an ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 4123: Type I J120811.1+025242 .SBR5. 4.8 -19.55 4.1 1364 Galaxy with extended bar ( ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 4668: Type III J124532.0-003209 .SBS7* 7.1 -18.88 1.5 1654 Small galaxy close to our high axis ratio limit, which forms a close pair with NGC 4666 (v=1474 km s-1 ) about ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 5430: Type II.o-OLR J140045.8+591943 .SBS3. 3.1 -20.86 2.2 3238 Galaxy is isolated according to Prada et al. (2003). The center is dominated by a strong bar with dustlanes of size ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 5480: Type III-d J140621.5+504332 .SAS5* 5.0 -19.72 1.7 2119 A large scale gradient (from top to bottom) in the background of the ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 5660: Type II-CT J142949.8+493722 .SXT5. 5.1 -20.62 2.8 2585 Galaxy close to the edge of the SDSS field but almost complete sitting in a strip with higher background. According to Sandage & Bedke (1994) it has a small companion nearby ("a likely dwarf Im companion of unknown redshift"), however this could be associated with UGC 09325 (v=3730 km s-1 ) being clearly a background galaxy. Galaxy shows two, slightly asymmetric inner spiral arms plus an additional one extending towards the outer disk. Although classified as SAB there is no bar-like structure visible except for a possible ring-like structure of size ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 5713: Type III J144011.4-001725 .SXT4P 4.1 -20.50 2.8 1958 According to Sandage & Bedke (1994) in a group of late-type spirals with four members in a region smaller than the Local Group. No bright nucleus in the bar-like structure so the centering is done from the outer isophotes. In addition to a more chaotic inner region with spiral structure (producing the bump between ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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NGC 5806: Type III J150000.4+015329 .SXS3. 3.3 -19.74 3.0 1440 Galaxy close to our high axis ratio limit (dust lane visible?) and close to the edge of the SDSS field but almost complete. From the inner disk there is an additional patch of diffuse light visible towards the south-east (not masked) extending into the asymmetric outer disk, which makes the photometric inclination (ellipticity) and PA uncertain since obtained further in. The final profile shows a shoulder at ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 02081: Type II-CT J023600.9+002512 .SXS6. 5.8 -18.56 1.8 2549 Galaxy close to the edge of the SDSS field but almost complete. The final profile shows a downbending break starting around ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 06518: Type II.i J113220.4+535417 ...... 4.3 -18.94 1.0 3044 Small galaxy where, although not classified as barred in NED or LEDA, there is clearly a bar of size ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 06903: Type II.o-CT J115536.9+011415 .SBS6. 5.8 -18.80 2.5 1916 Very bright star in FOV but galaxy not influenced. Final profile shows clearly a downbending break around ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 08237: Type II.o-OLR J130854.5+621823 PSB.3* 3.2 -19.61 0.9 3120 Galaxy is isolated according to Prada et al. (2003). The similar sized companion, only ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 09741 ![]() J150833.5+521746 .S?... 6.0 -18.54 0.9 2735 The patch of faint light on the image towards the north-west is caused by straylight from a very bright star off field, but the galaxy is not affected. Very small galaxy dominated by a long, narrow bar of size ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 09837: Type II-CT J152351.7+580311 .SXS5. 5.1 -19.45 1.8 2938 Although classified as SAB, the bar size is not obvious from the image, but could be restricted to be maximal ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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UGC 10721: Type III J170825.6+253103 .S..6? 5.8 -19.68 1.2 3118 Small galaxy close to our high axis ratio limit so the dust may get important. Galaxy shows an inner apparently inclined disk with a nucleus and some thin spiral arms sitting in an almost round outer isophote most probably related to a vertical structure (halo or thick disk). Thus the photometric inclination (ellipticity) and PA are highly uncertain since continously changing with radius. The shoulder at ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Figure B.1: Galaxies rejected from the original LEDA-SDSS(DR2) sample: SDSS colour plates of NGC 0428, NGC 0988, NGC 2712, NGC 3023, NGC 4116, and NGC 4496A (from left to right and top to bottom). |