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Figure 1:
Wavelength dependence of the anisotropy factor kG for ![]() |
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Figure 2: Lyman scattering opacity per hydrogen atom, in units of the Thomson scattering cross section per electron. The dashed curve represents the analytic expression of Eq. (46), which is an excellent approximation above 2000 Å. Below the Lyman limit the scattering behaves as if the excited electron were free (like Thomson scattering), while the cross section for radiative ionization (dash-dotted curve) is many orders of magnitude larger. |
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Figure 3: Main contributors to the Sun's continuum opacity in the visible and near UV. The lower solid curve represents the Balmer scattering cross section, while the upper solid curve gives the cross section for bound-bound radiative absorption. Pressure broadening due to the statistical Stark effect is accounted for to describe convergence of the bound-bound opacities to the bound-free ones. Comparison is made with the Lyman scattering cross section (dashed), the Thomson scattering cross section (horizontal solid line), the H- opacity (dotted), and the bound-free opacity for radiative ionization (dash-dotted). The relative contributions of these opacity sources depend on the electron densities and pressures and the relative level populations of hydrogen. The values chosen are typical for solar conditions. |
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Figure 4:
Illustration of a 2-parameter fit to the observed Q/I with the model given by Eq. (71), assuming that
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Figure 5:
Continuum polarization ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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Figure 6: Comparison between observations and theory. The shaded area represents the empirically allowed region, defined as the region between the two outer polynomial curves in Fig. 5. The vertical line marks the wavelength of the Balmer series limit. The dashed curve has been obtained from the radiative-transfer theory of Fluri & Stenflo (1999). The thick, solid curve is based on the last scattering approximation, Eq. (72), with the anisotropy and the opacities given by Figs. 1 and 3. Note in particular the large displacement of the Balmer jump with respect to the series limit. |
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Figure 7:
Overview of the functional behavior of the empirically determined continuum polarization ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
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