Energetic particle dynamics in a simplified model of a solar wind magnetic switchback

¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
e-mail: francesco.malara@fis.unical.it
² Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Struttura di Ricerca INAF presso Campus Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
³ Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
e-mail: giacalon@lpl.arizona.edu

Received: 24 May 2023
Accepted: 14 July 2023

Abstract

Context. Recent spacecraft observations in the inner heliosphere have revealed the presence of local Alfvénic reversals of the magnetic field, while the field magnitude remains almost constant. These are called magnetic switchbacks (SBs) and are very common in the plasma environment close to the Sun explored by the Parker Solar Probe satellite.

Aims. A simple numerical model of a magnetic field reversal with constant magnitude is used in order to explore the influence of SBs on the propagation of energetic particles within a range of energy typical of solar energetic particles.

Methods. We model the reversal as a region of space of adjustable size bounded by two rotational discontinuities. By means of test particle simulations, beams of mono-energetic particles can be injected upstream of the SB with various initial pitch- and gyro-phase angles. In each simulation, the particle energy may also be changed.

Results. Particle dynamics is highly affected by the ratio between the particle gyroradius and the size of the SB, with multiple pitch-angle scatterings occurring when the particle gyroradius is of the order of the SB size. Further, particle motion is extremely sensitive to the initial conditions, implying a transition to chaos; for some parameters of the system, a large share of particles is reflected backwards upstream as they interact with the SB. These results could have a profound impact on our understanding of solar energetic particle transport in the inner heliosphere, and therefore possible comparisons with in situ spacecraft data are discussed.