EDP Sciences Journals List
Advanced Search
Free access article

Issue A&A
Volume 445, Number 3, January III 2006
Page(s) 1099 - 1126
Section Stellar atmospheres
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20053832

Abstract (A&A 445 p.1099)
References of  A&A 445 p. 1099
  • Achmad, L., Lamers, H. J. G. L. M., & Pasquini, L. 1997, A&A, 320, 196 [NASA ADS]
  • Albayrak, B. 2000, A&A, 364, 237 [NASA ADS]
  • Asplund, M. 1998, A&A, 330, 641 [NASA ADS]
  • Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., & Sauval, A. J. 2005, in Cosmic Abundances as Records of Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis, ed. T. G. Barnes III, & F. N. Bash (San Francisco: ASP), 25
  • Aufdenberg, J. P., Hauschildt, P. H., Baron, E., et al. 2002, ApJ, 570, 344 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Aydin, C. 1972, A&A, 19, 369 [NASA ADS]
  • Bahcall, J. N., Basu, S., Pinsonneault, M., & Serenelli, A. M. 2005, ApJ, 618, 1049 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Barnard, A. J., Cooper, L., & Shamey, L. J. 1969, A&A, 1, 28 [NASA ADS]
  • Barnard, A. J., Cooper, L., & Smith, E. W. 1974, J. Quant. Spec. Radiat. Transf., 14, 1025
  • Bates, D., & Damgaard, A. 1949, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 242, 101
  • Becker, S. R. 1998, in Boulder-Munich II: Properties of Hot, Luminous Stars, ed. I. D. Howarth (San Francisco: ASP), 137
  • Becker, S. R., & Butler, K. 1988, A&A, 201, 232 [NASA ADS]
  • Becker, S. R., & Butler, K. 1990, A&A, 235, 326 [NASA ADS]
  • Beeckmans, F. 1977, A&A, 60, 1 [NASA ADS]
  • Blackwell, D. E., Petford, A. D., & Shallis, M. J. 1980, A&A, 82, 249 [NASA ADS]
  • Blaha, C., & Humphreys, R. M. 1989, AJ, 98, 1598 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Bresolin, F., Kudritzki, R. P., Méndez, R. H., & Przybilla, N. 2001, ApJ, 548, L159 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Bresolin, F., Gieren, W., Kudritzki, R. P., Pietrzynski, G., & Przybilla, N. 2002, ApJ, 567, 277 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Bresolin, F., Garnett, D. R., & Kennicutt, R. C. 2004, ApJ, 615, 228 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Butler, K., & Giddings, J. R. 1985, in Newsletter on Analysis of Astronomical Spectra, No. 9 (London: Univ. London)
  • Butler, K., Mendoza, C., & Zeippen, C. J. 1993, J. Phys. B, 26, 4409 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Cardelli, J. A., Clayton, G. C., & Mathis, J. S. 1989, ApJ, 345, 245 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Carraro, G., Patat, F., & Baumgardt, H. 2001, A&A, 371, 107 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Code, A. D., Davis, J., Bless, R. C., & Hanbury Brown, R. 1976, ApJ, 203, 417 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Cowley, C. 1971, Observatory, 91, 139 [NASA ADS]
  • Dachs, J., & Kaiser, D. 1984, A&AS, 58, 411 [NASA ADS]
  • Daflon, S., & Cunha, K. 2004, ApJ, 617, 1115 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Davidson, M. D., Snoek, L. C., Volten, H., & Dönszelmann, A. 1992, A&A, 255, 457 [NASA ADS]
  • Dehnen, W., & Binney, J. J. 1998, MNRAS, 298, 387 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Dimitrijevic, M. S., & Sahal-Bréchot, S. 1990, A&AS, 82, 519 [NASA ADS]
  • Dimitrijevic, M. S., & Sahal-Bréchot, S. 1996, A&AS, 117, 127 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS]
  • Dimitrijevic, M. S., & Sahal-Bréchot, S. 1997, A&AS, 122, 163 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS]
  • Dorfi, E. A., & Gautschy, A. 2000, ApJ, 545, 982 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Drake, J. J., & Testa, P. 2005, Nature, 436, 525 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Ducati, J. R. 2002, Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system (Madison: University of Wisconsin), VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/237
  • Dufton, P. L., Ryans, R. S. I., Trundle, C., et al. 2005, A&A, 434, 1125 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Dupree, A. K., Lobel, A., Young, P. R., et al. 2005, ApJ, 622, 629 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Eisenhauer, F., Schödel, R., Genzel, R., et al. 2003, ApJ, 597, L121 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Esteban, C., Peimbert, M., García-Rojas, J., et al. 2004, MNRAS, 355, 229 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Evans, C. J., & Howarth, I. D. 2003, MNRAS, 345, 1223 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Fieldus, M. S., Lester, J. B., & Rogers, C. 1990, A&A, 230, 371 [NASA ADS]
  • Freytag, B., Steffen, M., & Dorch, B. 2002, Astron. Nachr., 323, 213 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Fuhr, J. R., & Wiese, W. L. 1998, in CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 79th ed., ed. D. R. Lide (Boca Raton: CRC Press)
  • Fuhr, J. R., Martin, G. A., & Wiese, W. L. 1988, J. Phys. & Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 17, Suppl. 4
  • Garnett, D. R., Kennicutt, R. C., & Bresolin, F. 2004, ApJ, 607, L21 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • de Geus, E. J., Lub, J., & van de Grift, E. 1990, A&AS, 85, 915 [NASA ADS]
  • Giddings, J. R. 1981, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. London
  • Glushneva, I. N. 1985, in Calibration of Fundamental Stellar Quantities, ed. D. S. Haynes, N. E. Pasinetti, & A. G. Davis Philip (Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company), 465
  • Gray, D. F. 1992a, Observations and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres, 2nd edition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
  • Gray, R. O. 1992b, A&A, 265, 704 [NASA ADS]
  • Grevesse, N., & Sauval, A. J. 1998, Space Sci. Rev., 85, 161 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Griem, H. R. 1964, Plasma Spectroscopy (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company)
  • Griem, H. R. 1974, Spectral Line Broadening by Plasmas (New York and London: Academic Press)
  • Groth, H. G. 1961, ZAp, 51, 231 [NASA ADS]
  • Gummersbach, C. A., Kaufer, A., Schäfer, D. R., et al. 1998, A&A, 338, 881 [NASA ADS]
  • Hanbury Brown, R., Davies, J., & Allen, L. R. 1974, MNRAS, 167, 121 [NASA ADS]
  • Hauck, B., & Mermilliod, M. 1998, A&AS, 129, 431 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS]
  • Heger, A., & Langer, N. 2000, ApJ, 544, 1016 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Heger, A., Woosley, S. E., & Spruit, H. C. 2005, ApJ, 626, 350 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Hoffleit, D., & Jaschek, C. 1982, The Bright Star Catalogue, 4th edition (New Haven: Yale University Observatory)
  • Hubeny, I. 1988, Computer Physics Comm., 52, 103 [NASA ADS]
  • Hubeny, I., & Lanz, T. 1995, ApJ, 439, 875 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Hummer, D. G., Berrington, K. A., Eissner, W., et al. 1993, A&A, 279, 298 [NASA ADS]
  • Humphreys, R. M. 1980, ApJ, 241, 587 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Husfeld, D., Butler, K., Heber, U., & Drilling, J. S. 1989, A&A, 222, 150 [NASA ADS]
  • Israelian, G., Chentsov, E., & Musaev, F. 1997, MNRAS, 290, 521 [NASA ADS]
  • de Jager, C. 1998, A&A Rev., 8, 145 [NASA ADS]
  • Kaufer, A., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., et al. 1996, A&A, 305, 887 [NASA ADS]
  • Kaufer, A., Stahl, O., Wolf, B., et al. 1997, A&A, 320, 273 [NASA ADS]
  • Kaufer, A., Stahl, O., Tubbesing, S., et al. 1999, ESO Messenger, 95, 8 [NASA ADS]
  • Kaufer, A., Venn, K. A., Tolstoy, E., Pinte, C., & Kudritzki, R. P. 2004, AJ, 127, 2723 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Kennicutt, R. C., Bresolin, F., & Garnett, D. R. 2003, ApJ, 591, 801 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Kerr, F. J., & Lynden-Bell, D. 1986, MNRAS, 221, 1023 [NASA ADS]
  • Kilian, J. 1992, A&A, 262, 171 [NASA ADS]
  • Kilian, J. 1994, A&A, 282, 867 [NASA ADS]
  • Kudritzki, R.P. 1973, A&A, 28, 103 [NASA ADS]
  • Kudritzki, R. P. 1988, in Radiation in Moving Gaseous Media, ed. Y. Chmielewski, & T. Lanz (Sauverny: Geneva Observatory), 1
  • Kudritzki, R. P. 1992, A&A, 266, 395 [NASA ADS]
  • Kudritzki, R. P. 1998, in Stellar Astrophysics for the Local Group, ed. A. Aparicio, A. Herrero, & F. Sánchez (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 149
  • Kudritzki, R. P. 2000, in From Extrasolar Planets to Cosmology: The VLT Opening Symposium, ed. J. Bergeron, & A. Renzini (Berlin: Springer Verlag), 236
  • Kudritzki, R. P., & Przybilla, N. 2003, in Stellar Candles for the Extragalactic Distance Scale, ed. D. Alloin, & W. Gieren, Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 635 (Berlin: Springer Verlag), 123
  • Kudritzki, R. P., Puls, J., Lennon, D. J., et al. 1999, A&A, 350, 970 [NASA ADS]
  • Kudritzki, R. P., Bresolin, F., & Przybilla, N. 2003, ApJ, 582, L83 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Kurucz, R. L. 1979, ApJS, 40, 1 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Kurucz, R. L. 1992, Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis., 23, 45 [NASA ADS]
  • Kurucz, R. L. 1993, Kurucz CD-ROM No. 13 (Cambridge, Mass.: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)
  • Kurucz, R. L., & Bell, B. 1995, Kurucz CD-ROM No. 23 (Cambridge, Mass.: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory)
  • Lambert, D. L., Hinkle, K. H., & Luck, R. E. 1988, ApJ, 333, 917 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Lanz, T., Dimitrijevic, M. S., & Artru, M.-C. 1988, A&A, 192, 249 [NASA ADS]
  • Lobel, A., Achmad, L., de Jager, C., & Nieuwenhuijzen, H. 1992, A&A, 256, 159 [NASA ADS]
  • Lucy, L. B. 1976, ApJ, 206, 499 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Maeder, A., & Meynet, G. 2000, ARA&A, 38, 143 [NASA ADS]
  • Maeder, A., & Meynet, G. 2001, A&A, 373, 555 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Maeder, A., & Meynet, G. 2005, A&A, 440, 1041 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Martin, G. A., Fuhr, J. R., & Wiese, W. L. 1988, J. Phys. & Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 17, Suppl. 3
  • McCarthy, J. K., Lennon, D. J., Venn, K. A., et al. 1995, ApJ, 455, L135 [NASA ADS]
  • McErlean, N. D., Lennon, D. J., & Dufton, P. L. 1999, A&A, 349, 553 [NASA ADS]
  • Meynet, G., & Maeder, A. 2000, A&A, 361, 101 [NASA ADS]
  • Meynet, G., & Maeder, A. 2003, A&A, 404, 975 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Meynet, G., & Maeder, A. 2005, A&A, 429, 581 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Mihalas, D. 1978, Stellar Atmospheres, 2nd edition (San Francisco: Freeman)
  • Morel, M., & Magnenat, P. 1978, A&AS, 34, 477 [NASA ADS]
  • Nandy, K., & Schmidt, E. G. 1975, ApJ, 198, 119 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Nicolet, B. 1978, A&AS, 34, 1 [NASA ADS]
  • Perryman, M. A. C., Lindegren, L., Kovalevsky, J., et al. 1997, A&A, 323, L49 [NASA ADS]
  • Przybilla, N. 2002, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Munich
  • Przybilla, N., & Butler, K. 2001, A&A, 379, 955 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Przybilla, N., & Butler, K. 2004a, ApJ, 609, 1181 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Przybilla, N., & Butler, K. 2004b, ApJ, 610, L61 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Przybilla, N., Butler K., Becker S. R., Kudritzki, R. P., & Venn, K. A. 2000, A&A, 359, 1085 [NASA ADS]
  • Przybilla, N., Butler, K., Becker, S. R., & Kudritzki, R. P. 2001a, A&A, 369, 1009 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Przybilla, N., Butler, K., & Kudritzki, R. P. 2001b, A&A, 379, 936 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Przybylski, A. 1968, MNRAS, 139, 313 [NASA ADS]
  • Przybylski, A. 1969, MNRAS, 146, 71 [NASA ADS]
  • Przybylski, A. 1971, MNRAS, 152, 197 [NASA ADS]
  • Przybylski, A. 1972, MNRAS, 159, 155 [NASA ADS]
  • Puls, J., Kudritzki, R. P., Herrero, A., et al. 1996, A&A, 305, 171 [NASA ADS]
  • Puls, J., Urbaneja, M. A., Venero, R., et al. 2005, A&A, 435, 669 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Rolleston, W. R. J., Smartt, S. J., Dufton, P. L., & Ryans, R. S. I. 2000, A&A, 363, 537 [NASA ADS]
  • Rosendhal, J. D. 1970, ApJ, 160, 627 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Rufener, F. 1988, Observations in the Geneva Photometric System 4 (Geneva: Geneva Observatory), VizieR On-line Data Catalog: II/169
  • Rybicki, G. B., & Hummer, D. G. 1991, A&A, 245, 171 [NASA ADS]
  • Sagar, R., & Cannon, R. D. 1995, A&AS, 111, 75 [NASA ADS]
  • Sanner, J., Brunzendorf, J., Will, J.-M., & Geffert, M. 2001, A&A, 369, 511 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Santolaya-Rey, A. E., Puls, J., & Herrero, A. 1997, A&A, 323, 488 [NASA ADS]
  • Seaton, M. J., Yu, Y., Mihalas, D., & Pradhan, A. K. 1994, MNRAS, 266, 805 [NASA ADS]
  • Severny, A. 1970, ApJ, 159, L73 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Shobbrook, R. R., & Lyngå, G. 1994, MNRAS, 269, 857 [NASA ADS]
  • Sigut, T. A. A. 1999, ApJ, 519, 303 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Simon, T., Ayres, T. R., Redfield, S., & Linsky, J. L. 2002, ApJ, 579, 800 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Stehlé, C., & Hutcheon, R. 1999, A&AS, 140, 93 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS]
  • Schwarzschild, M. 1975, ApJ, 195, 137 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Stalio, R., Selvelli, P. L., & Crivellari, L. 1977, A&A, 60, 109 [NASA ADS]
  • Takeda, Y. 1994, PASJ, 46, 181 [NASA ADS]
  • Takeda, Y., & Takada-Hidai, M. 2000, PASJ, 52, 113 [NASA ADS]
  • Takeda, Y., Takada-Hidai, M., & Kotake, J. 1996, PASJ, 48, 753 [NASA ADS]
  • Talavera, A., & Gómez de Castro, A. I. 1987, A&A, 181, 300 [NASA ADS]
  • Underhill, A., & Doazan, V. 1982, B Stars with and Without Emission Lines (Washington, DC: NASA)
  • Underhill, A. B., Divan, L., Prévot-Burnichon, M.-L., & Doazan, V. 1979, MNRAS, 189, 601 [NASA ADS]
  • Urbaneja, M. A., Herrero, A., Bresolin, F., et al. 2005, ApJ, 622, 862 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Venn, K. A. 1995a, ApJS, 99, 659 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Venn, K. A. 1995b, ApJ, 449, 839 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Venn, K. A. 1999, ApJ, 518, 405 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Venn, K. A., & Przybilla, N. 2003, in CNO in the Universe, ed. C. Charbonnel, D. Schaerer, & G. Meynet (San Francisco: ASP), 20
  • Venn, K. A., McCarthy, J. K., Lennon, D. J., et al. 2000, ApJ, 541, 610 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Venn, K. A., Lennon, D. J., Kaufer, A., et al. 2001, ApJ, 547, 765 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Venn, K. A., Tolstoy, E., Kaufer, A., et al. 2003, AJ, 126, 1326 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Verdugo, E., Talavera, A., & Gómez de Castro, A. I. 1999a, A&AS, 137, 351 [EDP Sciences] [NASA ADS]
  • Verdugo, E., Talavera, A., & Gómez de Castro, A. I. 1999b, A&A, 346, 819 [NASA ADS]
  • Vidal, C. R., Cooper, J., & Smith, E. W. 1973, ApJS, 25, 37 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]
  • Vrancken, M., Butler, K., & Becker, S. R. 1996, A&A, 311, 661 [NASA ADS]
  • Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., & Glennon, B. M. 1966, Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (US), NSRDS-NBS 4, Vol. I
  • Wiese, W. L., Smith, M. W., & Miles, B. M. 1969, Nat. Stand. Ref. Data Ser., Nat. Bur. Stand. (US), NSRDS-NBS 22, Vol. II
  • Wiese, W. L., Fuhr, J. R., & Deters, T. M. 1996, J. Phys. & Chem. Ref. Mon. Data, 7
  • Wolf, B. 1971, A&A, 10, 383 [NASA ADS]
  • Wolf, B. 1972, A&A, 20, 275 [NASA ADS]
  • Wolf, B. 1973, A&A, 28, 335 [NASA ADS]
  • Young, J. S., Baldwin, J. E., Boysen, R. C., et al. 2000, MNRAS, 315, 635 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef]

Abstract (A&A 445 p.1099)


What is OpenURL?

The OpenURL standard is a protocol for transmission of metadata describing the resource that you wish to access. An OpenURL link contains article metadata and directs it to the OpenURL server of your choice. The OpenURL server can provide access to the resource and also offer complementary services (specific search engine, export of references...). The OpenURL link can be generated by different means.
  • If your librarian has set up your subscription with an OpenURL resolver, OpenURL links appear automatically on the abstract pages.
  • You can define your own OpenURL resolver with your EDPS Account. In this case your choice will be given priority over that of your library.
  • You can use an add-on for your browser (Firefox or I.E.) to display OpenURL links on a page (see http://www.openly.com/openurlref/). You should disable this module if you wish to use the OpenURL server that you or your library have defined.