Astronomy & Astrophysics

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$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=5.8cm,clip]{aa1137fig1.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 1: Rotational diagrams where ln (N_u/g_u) represents the left-hand side of Eq. (2).
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=14cm,clip]{aa1137fig2.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 2: G 31.28+0.06. a) Optical image (grey scale) of the neighbourhood of G 31.28+0.06. The grey contours represent the 1.2-mm continuum emission imaged by SIMBA (5, 10, 20, 50 and 90% of peak flux). The cross represents the position of the methanol masers, the squares are the radio continuum sites, the diamond is a recombination line site and the large circle shows the position of the IRAS source. The methanol maser source is not coincident with any visible object or optically visible H II region but it is associated with a strong mm source. b) Close-up of the mm sources 1 and 2. 850- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey scale), 450- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey contours and 10, 50 and 90% of peak flux) and 21- $\mu$ m MSX (white contours and 20 and 60% of peak flux) images. The mm sources 1 and 2 are also seen with SCUBA and MSX. c) SEDs of the mm sources 1 and 2. The IRAS icon shows the IRAS 100- $\mu$ m flux level. d) CH₃CN and C¹⁸O line spectra.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=14cm,clip]{aa1137fig3.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 3: G 59.78+0.06. a) Optical image (grey scale) of the neighbourhood of G 59.78+0.06. The grey contours represent the 1.2-mm continuum emission imaged by SIMBA (10, 20, 50 and 90% of peak flux). The cross represents the position of the methanol masers, the squares are the radio continuum sites and the large circle shows the position of the IRAS source. The methanol maser source is not coincident with any visible object or optically visible H II region but it is associated with a strong mm source. b) Close-up of the mm sources 1 and 2. 1.2-mm SIMBA (grey scale and contours; 10, 20, 50 and 90% of peak flux) and 21- $\mu$ m MSX (white contours; 20 and 60% of peak flux) images. The mm source 2 is also seen with MSX. c) SED of the mm source 2. d) CH₃CN and C¹⁸O line spectra.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=14cm,clip]{aa1137fig4.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 4: G 173.49+2.42 (S231). a) Optical image (grey scale) of the neighbourhood of G 173.49+2.42. The grey contours represent the 850- $\mu$ m continuum emission imaged by SCUBA (10, 20, 50 and 90% of peak flux). Note that the SCUBA map does not entirely cover the optical map. The cross represents the position of the methanol masers, the squares are the radio continuum sites and the large circle shows the position of the IRAS source. The methanol maser source is not coincident with any visible object or optically visible H II region but it is associated with a strong mm source. b) Close-up of the mm sources 1, 2, 3 and 4. 850- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey scale), 450- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey contours; 10, 20, 50 and 90% of peak flux) and 21- $\mu$ m MSX (white contours; 20 and 60% of peak flux) images. The mm sources are also seen with SCUBA, and MM1 and MM4 are seen with MSX. c) SEDs of the mm sources 1, 2 and 4. The IRAS and MSX icons show the IRAS 100- $\mu$ m flux leveland MSX 20- $\mu$ m image noise rms level. d) C¹⁸O line spectrum.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=13.7cm,clip]{aa1137fig5.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 5: G 188.95+0.89 (AFGL 5180). a) Optical image (grey scale) of the neighbourhood of G 188.95+0.89. The grey contours represent the 1.2-mm continuum emission imaged by SIMBA (10, 20, 30, 50. 70 and 90% of peak flux). The cross represents the position of the methanol masers, the squares are the radio continuum sites and the large circle shows the position of the IRAS source. The methanol maser source is not coincident with any visible object or optically visible H II region but it is associated with a strong mm source. b) Close-up of the mm sources 1 and 2. 850- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey scale), 450- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey contours; 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 80 and 90% of peak flux) and 21- $\mu$ m MSX (white contours; 20 and 60% of peak flux) images. The mm sources 1 and 2 are also seen with SCUBA and MSX. c) SEDs of mm sources 1 and 2. The IRAS icon shows the IRAS 100- $\mu$ m flux level. d) CH₃CN and C¹⁸O line spectra.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=14cm,clip]{aa1137fig6.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 6: G 192.60-0.05 (S255IR). a) Optical image (grey scale) of the neighbourhood of G 192.60-0.05. The grey contours represent the 1.2-mm continuum emission imaged by SIMBA (10, 20, 50 and 90% of peak flux). The cross represents the position of the methanol masers, the squares are the radio continuum sites, the diamond is a recombination line site and the large circle shows the position of the IRAS source. The methanol maser source is not coincident with any visible object or optically visible H II region but it is associated with a strong mm source. b) Close-up of the mm sources 1 and 2. 850- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey scale), 450- $\mu$ m SCUBA (grey contours; 25, 45, 65 and 85% of peak flux) and 21- $\mu$ m MSX (white contours; 5, 45 and 85% of peak flux) images. The mm sources 1 and 2 are also seen with SCUBA and MSX. c) SEDs of mm sources 1 and 2. The IRAS icon shows the IRAS 100- $\mu$ m flux level. d) CH₃CN and C¹⁸O line spectra.
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=7.1cm,clip]{aa1137fig7.eps} \end{figure}$ Figure 7: Luminosity versus mass and colour diagrams. Each number represents an object as follows G 31.28-MM1(#1), G 31.28-MM2(#2), G 59.78-MM2(#3), G 173.49-MM1(#4), G 173.49-MM2(#5), G 173.49-MM4(#6), G 188.95-MM1(#7), G 188.95-MM2(#8), G 192.60-MM1(#9), G 192.60-MM2(#10). The dashed line in the top plot represents $L_{\rm total} \propto M_{\rm gas}^{0.75}$ . The dashed lines in the colour diagrams represent a black body function with the temperature ranges indicated on the plots. The dotted line in the middle plot represents the massive YSO colour criterion from Lumsden et al. (2002).
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In the text

$\begin{figure} \par\includegraphics[width=5.8cm,clip]{aa1137fig1.eps} \end{figure}$	Figure 1: Rotational diagrams where ln (N_u/g_u) represents the left-hand side of Eq. (2).
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