All Figures

Figure 1: Critical temperature  versus  for various models of neutron and proton pairing in the NS core and crust. Models C93 and S: singlet-state neutron pairing in the crust; models 1p and 2p: singlet-state proton pairing in the core; model 1nt: weak triplet-state neutron pairing in the core. The crust-core interface and the threshold density of the direct Urca process in the core are shown by vertical dot-and-dashed lines.

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In the text

Figure 2: Total neutrino emissivity versus density at T = 3  108 K. The crust-core interface and the direct Urca threshold in the core are marked by dot-and-dashed lines. The peak near the core-crust interface shows the direct Urca process in the mantle (also presented in the insert). Dotted line: no nucleon superfluidity (nosfl); solid line: model 1p of proton superfluidity; dashed line: model 1p of proton superfluidity in the core and model S of neutron superfluidity in the crust (see the text). The neutron pairing 1nt is too weak to appear and affect the neutrino emission at the given T.

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In the text

Figure 3: Theoretical cooling curves compared with observations of two NSs. All the lines but the short-dashed one are for  NS (direct Urca in the core forbidden). Any pair of lines of the same type refers to one superfluidity model with the direct Urca process in the mantle on (lower curve) or off (upper curve). Dotted curves: nonsuperfluid NSs (nosfl); solid curves: 1p and 1nt superfluidities in the core; long dashes: 1p and 1nt superfluidity in the core and C93 superfluidity of neutrons in the crust; dot-and-dash lines: 2p and 1nt superfluidities in the core. The short dashed line is for a nonsuperfluid  NS with the open direct Urca process in the core.

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In the text