Unveiling the nature of INTEGRAL objects through optical spectroscopy

A&A 482, 113-132 (2008)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20079332

VI. A multi-observatory identification campaign

N. Masetti¹, E. Mason², L. Morelli³, S. A. Cellone^{4, 5}, V. A. McBride⁶, E. Palazzi¹, L. Bassani¹, A. Bazzano⁷, A. J. Bird⁶, P. A. Charles^{6, 8}, A. J. Dean⁶, G. Galaz⁹, N. Gehrels¹⁰, R. Landi¹, A. Malizia¹, D. Minniti⁹, F. Panessa⁷, G. E. Romero^{4, 11}, J. B. Stephen¹, P. Ubertini⁷, and R. Walter¹²

¹ INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
e-mail: masetti@iasfbo.inaf.it
² European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
³ Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padua, Italy
⁴ Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
⁵ IALP (CONICET-UNLP), Argentina
⁶ School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ, UK
⁷ INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Roma, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
⁸ South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa
⁹ Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile
¹⁰ NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
¹¹ Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomía (CONICET), C.C. 5, 1894 Villa Elisa, Buenos Aires, Argentina
¹² INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, Chemin d'Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland

(Received 27 December 2007 / Accepted 5 February 2008)

Abstract
Using 8 telescopes in the northern and southern hemispheres, plus archival data from two on-line sky surveys, we performed a systematic optical spectroscopic study of 39 putative counterparts of unidentified or poorly studied INTEGRAL sources in order to determine or at least better assess their nature. This was implemented within the framework of our campaign to reveal the nature of newly-discovered and/or unidentified sources detected by INTEGRAL. Our results show that 29 of these objects are active galactic nuclei (13 of which are of Seyfert 1 type, 15 are Seyfert 2 galaxies and one is possibly a BL Lac object) with redshifts between 0.011 and 0.316, 7 are X-ray binaries (5 with high-mass companions and 2 with low-mass secondaries), one is a magnetic cataclysmic variable, one is a symbiotic star and one is possibly an active star. Thus, the large majority (74%) of the identifications in this sample belongs to the AGN class. When possible, the main physical parameters for these hard X-ray sources were also computed using the multiwavelength information available in the literature. These identifications further underscore the importance of INTEGRAL in studying the hard X-ray spectra of all classes of X-ray emitting objects, and the effectiveness of a strategy of multi-catalogue cross-correlation plus optical spectroscopy to securely pinpoint the actual nature of still unidentified hard X-ray sources.

Key words: galaxies: Seyfert -- X-rays: binaries -- stars: novae, cataclysmic variables -- techniques: spectroscopic -- X-rays: general