EDP Sciences Journals List
Advanced Search
Subscriber Authentication Point
Home All issues Volume 469/1 Article
Free access article

Issue A&A
Volume 469, Number 1, July I 2007
Page(s) 121 - 124
Section Extragalactic astronomy
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066621



A&A 469, 121-124 (2007)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20066621

Upper limits to the water abundance in starburst galaxies

C. D. Wilson1, R. S. Booth2, 3, A. O. H. Olofsson2, M. Olberg2, C. M. Persson2, Aa. Sandqvist4, Å. Hjalmarson2, V. Buat5, P. J. Encrenaz6, M. Fich7, U. Frisk8, M. Gerin9, G. Rydback2, and T. Wiklind2, 10

1  Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
    e-mail: wilson@physics.mcmaster.ca
2  Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92 Onsala, Sweden
3  Hartebeesthoek Radio Astromomy Observatory, Box 443, Krugersdorp, 1740, South Africa
4  Stockholm Observatory, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
5  Laboratoire d'Astronomie Spatiale, BP 8, 13376 Marseille Cedex 12, France
6  LERMA & UMR 8112 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
7  Department of Physics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
8  Swedish Space Corporation, PO Box 4207, 171 04 Solna, Sweden
9  LERMA & UMR 8112 du CNRS, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
10  ESA Space Telescope Division, STScI, 3700 San Martin Drive Baltimore, MD 21218, USA

(Received 23 October 2006 / Accepted 5 April 2007)

Abstract
Aims.We have searched for emission from the 557 GHz ortho-water line in the interstellar medium of six nearby starburst galaxies.
Methods.We used the Odin satellite to observe the 110-101 transition of o-H2O in the galaxies NGC 253, IC 342, M 82, NGC 4258, CenA, and M 51. None of the galaxies in our sample was detected.
Results.We derive three sigma upper limits to the H2O abundance relative to H2 ranging from 2$\times$10-9 to 1$\times$10-8. The best of these upper limits are comparable to the measured abundance of H2O in the Galactic star forming region W3. However, if only 10% of the molecular gas is in very dense cores, then the water abundance limits in the cores themselves would be larger by a factor of 10 i.e. 2$\times$10-8 to 1$\times$10-7.
Conclusions.These observations suggest that detections of H2O emission in galaxies with the upcoming Herschel Space Observatory are likely to require on-source integration times of an hour or more except in the very brightest extragalactic targets such as M 82 and NGC 253.


Key words: galaxies: starburst -- galaxies: general -- ISM: molecules -- astrochemistry



© ESO 2007


What is OpenURL?

The OpenURL standard is a protocol for transmission of metadata describing the resource that you wish to access. An OpenURL link contains article metadata and directs it to the OpenURL server of your choice. The OpenURL server can provide access to the resource and also offer complementary services (specific search engine, export of references...). The OpenURL link can be generated by different means.
  • If your librarian has set up your subscription with an OpenURL resolver, OpenURL links appear automatically on the abstract pages.
  • You can define your own OpenURL resolver with your EDPS Account. In this case your choice will be given priority over that of your library.
  • You can use an add-on for your browser (Firefox or I.E.) to display OpenURL links on a page (see http://www.openly.com/openurlref/). You should disable this module if you wish to use the OpenURL server that you or your library have defined.