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Issue A&A
Volume 437, Number 1, July I 2005
Page(s) 177 - 188
Section Interstellar and circumstellar matter
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041546



A&A 437, 177-188 (2005)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20041546

Density structure of the Horsehead nebula photo-dissociation region

E. Habart1, A. Abergel2, C. M. Walmsley1, D. Teyssier3 and J. Pety4, 5

1  Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Largo E. Fermi 5, 5 0125 Firenze, Italy
    e-mail: habart@arcetri.astro.it
2  Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
3  Space Research Organization Netherlands, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands (Under an ESA external fellowship)
4  LERMA, UMR 8112, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris and École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paros Cedex 05, France
5  IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Grenoble, Cedex, France

(Received 28 June 2004 / Accepted 1 March 2005 )

Abstract
We present high angular resolution images of the H2 1-0 S(1) line emission obtained with the Son of ISAAC (SOFI) at the New Technology Telescope (NTT) of the Horsehead nebula. These observations are analysed in combination with H$\alpha$ line emission, aromatic dust, CO and dust continuum emissions. The Horsehead nebula illuminated by the O9.5V star $\sigma$ Ori ($\chi \sim$ 60) presents a typical photodissociation region (PDR) viewed nearly edge-on and offers an ideal opportunity to study the gas density structure of a PDR. The H2 fluorescent emission observations reveal extremely sharp and bright filaments associated with the illuminated edge of the nebula which spatially coincides with the aromatic dust emission. Analysis of the H2 fluorescent emission, sensitive to both the far-UV radiation field and the gas density, in conjunction with the aromatic dust and H$\alpha$ line emission, brings new constraints on the illumination conditions and the gas density in the outer PDR region. Furthermore, combination of this data with millimeter observations of CO and dust continuum emission allows us to trace the penetration of the far-UV radiation field into the cloud and probe the gas density structure throughout the PDR. From comparison with PDR model calculations, we find that i) the gas density follows a steep gradient at the cloud edge, with a scale length of 0.02 pc (or 10'') and $n_{\rm H}\sim 10^4$ and 105 cm-3 in the H2 emitting and inner cold molecular layers respectively; and ii) this density gradient model is essentially a constant pressure model, with $P\sim$ 4 $\times$ 106 K cm-3. The constraints derived here on the gas density profile are important for the study of physical and chemical processes in PDRs and provide new insight into the evolution of interstellar clouds. Also, this work shows the strong influence of the density structure on the PDR spatial stratification and illustrates the use of different tracers to determine this density structure.


Key words: ISM: clouds -- ISM: dust, extinction -- atomic processes -- molecular processes -- radiative transfer -- ISM: individual objects: Horsehead nebula

SIMBAD Objects in preparation



© ESO 2005


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