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Issue A&A
Volume 411, Number 2, November IV 2003
Page(s) 71 - 76
Section Galactic structure and dynamics
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20031334



A&A 411, 71-76 (2003)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031334

Ratio of energies radiated in the universe through accretive processes and nucleosynthesis

J. A. Zurita Heras1, 2, M. Türler1, 2 and T. J.-L. Courvoisier1, 2

1  INTEGRAL Science Data Centre, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
2  Observatoire de Genève, ch. des Maillettes 51, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland

(Received 8 July 2002 / Accepted 30 July 2003 )

Abstract
We present here a new determination of the ratio of energies radiated by active galactic nuclei and by stars and discuss the reasons for the apparently conflicting results found in previous studies. We conclude that the energy radiated by accretion processes onto super massive black holes is about 1 to 5% of the energy radiated by stars. We also estimate that the total mass accreted on average by a super massive black hole at the centre of a typical $10^{11}\,M_{\odot}$ galaxy is of about $7 \times 10^{7}\,M_{\odot}$.


Key words: galaxies: active -- stars: evolution

Offprint request: J. A. Zurita Heras, Juan.Zurita@obs.unige.ch




© ESO 2003


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