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Issue A&A Volume 416, Number 2, March III 2004 Page(s) 555 - 576 Section Galactic structure, stellar clusters and populations DOI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031720

A&A 416, 555-576 (2004)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031720

The brown dwarf population in the Chamaeleon I cloud

B. López Martí^{1, 2}, J. Eislöffel², A. Scholz² and R. Mundt<sup>3

1</sup>  Observatori Astronòmic de la Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts d'Investigació, Polígon La Coma, 46980 Paterna, Spain
²  Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany
    e-mail: jochen@tls-tautenburg.de; scholz@tls-tautenburg.de
³  Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
    e-mail: mundt@mpia-hd.mpg.de

(Received 16 April 2003 / Accepted 19 November 2003 )

Abstract
We present the results of a multiband survey for brown dwarfs in the Chamaeleon I dark cloud with the Wide Field Imager (WFI) camera at the ESO/MPG 2.2-m telescope on La Silla (Chile). The survey has revealed a substantial population of brown dwarfs in this southern star-forming region. Candidates were selected from  R, I and H  imaging observations. We also observed in two medium-band filters, M 855 and M 915, for spectral type determination. The former filter covers a wavelength range containing spectral features characteristic of M-dwarfs, while the latter lies in a relatively featureless wavelength region for these late-type objects. A correlation was found between spectral type and (M 855-M 915) colour index for mid- to late M-type objects and early L-type dwarfs. With this method, we identify most of our object candidates as being of spectral type M 5 or later. Our results show that there is no strong drop in the number of objects for the latest spectral types, hence brown dwarfs may be as abundant as low-mass stars in this region. Also, both kind of objects have a similar spatial distribution. We derive an index of the mass function in this region of dispersed star formation, in good agreement with the values obtained in other star forming regions and young clusters. Some of the brown dwarfs have strong H  emission, suggesting mass accretion. For objects with published infrared photometry, we find that strong H  emission is related to a mid-infrared excess, indicative of the existence of a circumstellar disk.

Key words: stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs -- stars: pre-main sequence -- stars: formation -- stars: luminosity function, mass function -- stars: circumstellar matter

Offprint request: B. López Martí, belen.lopez-marti@uv.es

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