Issue A&A Volume 411, Number 3, December I 2003 Page(s) 447 - 464 Section Formation, structure and evolution of stars DOI 10.1051/0004-6361:20031214

A&A 411, 447-464 (2003)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20031214

3D mapping of the dense interstellar gas around the Local Bubble

R. Lallement¹, B. Y. Welsh², J. L. Vergely³, F. Crifo⁴ and D. Sfeir<sup>2

1</sup>  Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France
²  Experimental Astrophysics Group, Space Sciences Laboratory, UC Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
³  ACRI-ST, BP 234, 06504 Sofia-Antipolis, France
⁴  GEPI and URA 8111 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France

(Received 21 February 2003 / Accepted 30 July 2003 )

Abstract
We present intermediate results from a long-term program of mapping the neutral absorption characteristics of the local interstellar medium, motivated by the availability of accurate and consistent parallaxes from the Hipparcos satellite. Equivalent widths of the interstellar NaI D-line doublet at 5890 Å are presented for the lines-of-sight towards some 311 new target stars lying within ~350 pc of the Sun. Using these data, together with NaI absorption measurements towards a further ~240 nearby targets published in the literature (for many of them, in the directions of molecular clouds), and the ~450 lines-of-sight already presented by (Sfeir et al. 1999), we show 3D absorption maps of the local distribution of neutral gas towards 1005 sight-lines with Hipparcos distances as viewed from a variety of different galactic projections.

The data are synthesized by means of two complementary methods, (i) by mapping of iso-equivalent width contours, and (ii) by density distribution calculation from the inversion of column-densities, a method devised by Vergely et al. (2001). Our present data confirms the view that the local cavity is deficient in cold and neutral interstellar gas. The closest dense and cold gas "wall", in the first quadrant, is at ~55-60 pc. There are a few isolated clouds at closer distance, if the detected absorption is not produced by circumstellar material.

The maps reveal narrow or wide "interstellar tunnels" which connect the Local Bubble to surrounding cavities, as predicted by the model of Cox & Smith (1974). In particular, one of these tunnels, defined by stars at 300 to 600 pc from the Sun showing negligible sodium absorption, connects the well known CMa void (Gry et al. 1985), which is part of the Local Bubble, with the supershell GSH 238+00+09 (Heiles 1998). High latitude lines-of-sight with the smallest absorption are found in two "chimneys", whose directions are perpendicular to the Gould belt plane. The maps show that the Local Bubble is "squeezed" by surrounding shells in a complicated pattern and suggest that its pressure is smaller than in those expanding regions.

We discuss the locations of several HI and molecular clouds. Using comparisons between NaI and HI or CO velocities, in some cases we are able to improve the constraints on their distances. According to the velocity criteria, MBM 33-37, MBM 16-18, UT 3-7, and MBM 54-55 are closer than ~100 pc, and MBM 40 is closer than 80 pc. Dense HI clouds are seen at less than 90 pc and 85 pc in the directions of the MBM 12 and MBM 41-43 clouds respectively, but the molecular clouds themselves may be far beyond. The above closest molecular clouds are located at the neutral boundary of the Bubble. Only one translucent cloud, G192-67, is clearly embedded within the LB and well isolated.

These maps of the distribution of local neutral interstellar NaI gas are also briefly compared with the distribution of both interstellar dust and neutral HI gas within 300 pc.

Key words: Galaxy: solar neighborhood -- ISM: atoms -- ISM: clouds

Offprint request: R. Lallement, rosine.lallement@aerov.jussieu.fr

SIMBAD Objects
Tables at the CDS

© ESO 2003

What is OpenURL?