A deep INTEGRAL hard X-ray survey of the 3C 273/Coma region

S. Paltani; R. Walter; I. M. McHardy; T. Dwelly; C. Steiner; T. J.-L. Courvoisier

doi:doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200809450

Free access

Issue		A&A Volume 485, Number 3, July III 2008


Page(s)		707 - 718
Section		Extragalactic astronomy
DOI		http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200809450
Published online		06 May 2008

A&A 485, 707-718 (2008)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200809450

A deep INTEGRAL hard X-ray survey of the 3C 273/Coma region

S. Paltani¹, R. Walter¹, I. M. McHardy², T. Dwelly², C. Steiner¹, and T. J.-L. Courvoisier¹

¹ ISDC, Geneva Observatory, University of Geneva, ch. d'Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
e-mail: Stephane.Paltani@obs.unige.ch
² School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton S017 1BJ, UK

Received 24 January 2008 / Accepted 29 April 2008

Abstract
We present an analysis of the deepest hard X-ray survey to date of about 2500 deg² performed by the IBIS instrument on board INTEGRAL in the 20-60 keV band, with a total exposure time of 4 Ms. We find 34 candidate sources, for which we try to find counterparts at other wavelengths. The ratio of Seyfert 1 to Seyfert 2 is significantly more than the ratio found in the optical. This effect may be explained in the framework of the receding-torus model, but could also be due to absorption columns large enough to affect the 20-60 keV band. None of the predicted Compton-thick objects with 10²⁴ < $N_{{\rm H}}$ < 10²⁵ cm^-2 is detected unambiguously; when taking lower limits on $N_{{\rm H}}$ into account, the fraction of these objects is found to be lower than 24%. We do not see, but cannot exclude, a relationship between absorption and luminosity similar to what is seen in the 2-10 keV band. Our data suggests the possibility of a lack of objects with 10²¹ $\le$ $N_{{\rm H}}$ $\le$ 10²² cm^-2, which could be expected if absorption has two origins, for instance a torus-like structure and the host galaxy. We find that the Log N-Log S diagram of our sources is compatible with those obtained in other surveys in hard X-rays. Compared to models of the AGN population selected in the 2-10 keV band, the Log N-Log S diagram is generally in good agreement, but the $N_{{\rm H}}$ distribution is significantly different, with significantly less unabsorbed sources ( $N_{{\rm H}}$ < 10²² cm^-2) at a given flux limit compared to the models. In this survey, we resolve about 2.5% of the cosmic X-ray background in the 20-60 keV band. We also study the local hard X-ray luminosity function, which is compatible with what is found in other recent hard X-ray surveys. The characteristic luminosity Log $L^*_{20-60~{\rm keV}}=43.66$ is found to be a factor about 5 lower than the value observed in the 2-10 keV band. We find a space density of 10^-3 AGN with $L_{20-60~{\rm keV}}>10^{41}$ per Mpc³ and a corresponding luminosity density of 0.9 $\times$ 10³⁹ erg s^-1 Mpc^-3.

Key words: surveys -- galaxies: active -- galaxies: seyfert -- X-rays: diffuse background -- X-rays: galaxies

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