A&A 420, L23-L26 (2004)
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:20040157

Letter

Growth of massive black holes by super-Eddington accretion

T. Kawaguchi^{1, 2}, K. Aoki³, K. Ohta⁴ and S. Collin<sup>1

1</sup>  LUTh/Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5 Place J. Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
²  Postdoctoral Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
³  Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96729, USA
⁴  Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

(Received 17 March 2004 / Accepted 30 April 2004)

Abstract
Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) and Narrow-Line quasars (NLQs) seem to amount to 10-30% of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the local universe. Together with their average accretion rate, we argue that a black hole (BH) growth by factor of 8-800 happens in these super-Eddington accretion phase of AGNs. Moreover, there is a possible, systematic underestimation of accretion rates (in the Eddington unit) due to an overestimation of BH mass by massive accretion discs for super-Eddington objects. If it is true, the factor of BH growth above may be larger by order(s) of magnitude. In contrast, the growth factor expected in sub-Eddington phase is only 2. Therefore, the cosmic BH growth by accretion is likely dominated by super-Eddington phase, rather than sub-Eddington phase which is the majority among AGNs.

This analysis is based on the fraction and the average accretion rate of NLS1s and NLQs obtained for . If those numbers are larger at higher redshift (where BHs were probably less grown), super-Eddington accretion would be even more important in the context of cosmic BH growth history.

Key words: accretion, accretion disks -- black hole physics -- galaxies: active -- galaxies: evolution -- galaxies: nuclei -- galaxies: Seyfert

Offprint request: T. Kawaguchi, kawaguti@optik.mtk.nao.ac.jp

© ESO 2004

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